Herpes zoster - Iherpes Zoster
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Herpes zoster amadyunguza entanyeni nasegxalabeni
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ReferencesIshingles (Shingles), ezibangelwa ukuvuselelwa kwe-varicella zoster virus, ichaphazela malunga ne-1 yezigidi zabantu ngonyaka e-United States, kunye nomngcipheko wobomi be-30%. Abo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka baqheleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni iShingles (Shingles), kunye neempawu eziqala ngokuba nokungaphatheki kakuhle (malaise), intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nomkhuhlane ongephi, okulandelwa kukuziva okungaqhelekanga kwesikhumba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-rash. Le rash, ludla ngokuvela kwindawo ethile emzimbeni, luqhubela phambili ukusuka kumabhulashi acacileyo (blisters) ukuya kwizilonda ezirhabaxa ngaphezulu kweveki ukuya kwiintsuku ezilishumi. Unyango olukhawulezileyo ngamayeza e-antiviral (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir) phakathi kweeyure ezingama-72 zokuqhuba i-rash kubalulekile. I-postherpetic neuralgia, ingxaki eqhelekileyo ebonakaliswe yintlungu ehlala ixesha elide kwindawo echaphazelekayo, ichaphazela malunga nesinye kwizigulane ezihlanu kwaye ifuna ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kunye neyeza ezifana ne-gabapentin, pregabalin, okanye i-antidepressants ethile, kunye ne-topical agents ezifana ne-lidocaine okanye i-capsaicin. Ugonyo oluchasene ne-varicella zoster virus luyacetyiswa kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu ukunciphisa ingozi yeShingles (Shingles).
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster idla ngokwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abaneminyaka eyi-50 nangaphezulu, abo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kunye nabo bathatha amayeza e-immunosuppressant. Ibangelwa kukuvuselelwa kwentsholongwane ye-varicella‑zoster, intsholongwane efanayo eyenza inkukhu (chickenpox). Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, iintlungu zentloko, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa (fatigue) zikholisa ukuba phambi kokubonakala kwerhashalala. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yi‑post‑herpetic neuralgia (postherpetic neuralgia), eyona ntlungu yemithambo ye‑neuralgia eqhubekayo emva kokuba irhashalala iphele. Izinto ezinobungozi kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene ne‑herpes zoster ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, impilo ye‑immune (immune system), kunye nexesha lokuqalisa unyango. Ukugonywa kwabantu abaneminyaka engama‑60 nangaphezulu kubonakaliswe ukunciphisa kakhulu ukwenzeka kwe‑herpes zoster kunye ne‑post‑herpetic neuralgia. Ukuqala amayeza e‑antiviral (antiviral medications) kunye neentlungu zokuthomalalisa (pain relievers) kwiiyure ezingama‑72 zokuqhambuka kwerhashalala kunokunciphisa ubunzima kunye neengxaki ze‑herpes zoster kunye ne‑post‑herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Ulingo lwezonyango phambi kolwamkelo lubonisa ukuba ivaksini ephilayo (live zoster vaccine) isebenza malunga nama‑50 ukuya kuma‑70%, ngelixa ivaksini ye‑recombinant (recombinant vaccine) isebenza ngcono, ukusuka kuma‑90 ukuya kuma‑97%. Kuphononongo lwehlabathi lokwenyani, zixhasa iziphumo zolingo, ezibonisa ukuba ivaksini ephilayo (live zoster vaccine) imalunga nama‑46% esebenzayo, ngeli xesha ivaksini ye‑recombinant (recombinant vaccine) imalunga nama‑85%.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
I‑Chickenpox, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi‑varicella, isiphumo sosulelo lokuqala lwentsholongwane, oluhlala lusenzeka ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni. Nje ukuba inkukhu iphole, intsholongwane inokuhlala ingasebenzi (ilele) kwiiseli zemithambo‑luvo yomntu iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, emva koko inokuthi iphinde isebenze. I‑herpes zoster (herpes zoster) iziphumo xa intsholongwane ye‑varicella (varicella) ephinde isebenza. Yandula ke le ntsholongwane ihambe kwimithambo‑luvo iye kwincam yemithambo‑luvo eluswini, ivelisa amadyungudyungu. Ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe‑herpes zoster (herpes zoster), ukuvezwa kwintsholongwane ye‑varicella (varicella) efumaneka kwi‑herpes zoster (herpes zoster) amadyungudyungu kunokubangela irhashalala kumntu ongekabinayo irhashalala.
Imiba esemngciphekweni yokuphinda isebenze intsholongwane ye‑varicella‑zoster (varicella‑zoster virus) ibandakanya ukwaluphala, ukungakhuseli kakuhle komzimba, kunye nokuba wosulelwe yirhashalala phambi kweenyanga ezili‑18 ubudala. Intsholongwane ye‑varicella‑zoster (varicella‑zoster virus) ayifani nentsholongwane ye‑herpes simplex (herpes simplex virus), nangona bobabini bentsapho enye ye‑herpesviruses.
Iimvulasho ze‑herpes zoster (herpes zoster vaccines) zehlisa umngcipheko we herpes zoster (herpes zoster) ngama‑50 % ukuya kuma‑90 %. Kwakhona yehlisa amazinga e‑postherpetic neuralgia, kwaye, ukuba i‑herpes zoster (herpes zoster) yenzeka, ubunzima bayo. Ukuba i‑herpes zoster (herpes zoster) iye yavela, amayeza e‑antiviral afana ne‑aciclovir anokunciphisa ubukhali kunye nobude besifo ukuba siqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama‑72 zokuvela kwerhashalala.
○ Unyango
Ukuba izilonda zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela unyango lwe‑antiviral.
Zombini amayeza e‑antiviral kunye ne‑neuralgia ayafuneka. Kufuneka uphumle uyeke ukusela utywala.
#Acyclovir
#Famciclovir (famciclovir)
#Valacyclovir
#Gabapentin
#Pregabalin