Urticaria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives
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References Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment 28671445
 Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment 28671445Urticaria, ti o maa n ṣapejuwe nipasẹ awọn wheal ati nigbakan wiwu ti awọn ipele awọ ara ti o jinlẹ, maa n ṣakoso nipa yago fun awọn okunfa ti a mọ. Itọju akọkọ ni lilo awọn antihistamines H1 iran‑keji, ti a le pọ si iwọn to ga ti o ba wulo. Ni afikun, awọn oogun miiran bii antihistamines H1 iran akọkọ, antihistamines H2, awọn antagonists olugba leukotriene, antihistamines ti o lagbara, ati awọn corticosteroids kukuru le ṣee lo papọ. Fun awọn ọran ti ko dahun, a le tọka si alamọja fun awọn itọju miiran gẹgẹbi omalizumab tabi cyclosporine.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
 Urticaria and Angioedema: an Update on Classification and Pathogenesis 28748365
 Urticaria and Angioedema: an Update on Classification and Pathogenesis 28748365 Chronic Urticaria 32310370
 Chronic Urticaria 32310370 NIH
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
 Angioedema 30860724
 Angioedema 30860724 NIH
Angioedema jẹ wiwu ti ko lọ kuro ni ọfin nigba titẹ, ti o waye ni awọn ipele labẹ awọ ara tabi awọn membran mucous. O maa n kan awọn agbegbe bii oju, ète, ọrun, ati awọn ẹsẹ, bakanna bi ẹnu, ọfun, ati ikun. O di ewu nigbati o ba ni ipa lori ọfun, ti o le fa ipo ti o lewu.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
 
Idena ni nipa yago fun ohun tí ń fa àìlera náà. Itọju maa n jẹ́ pẹ̀lú antihistamines bíi diphenhydramine àti ranitidine. Ní àwọn iṣẹlẹ tó lewu, a lè lo corticosteroids tàbí leukotriene inhibitors. Mímú ìtura tó dára ní ayika tún lè rànlọ́wọ́ fún àkókò díẹ̀. Fun àwọn iṣẹlẹ tí ó ń bá a lọ ju ọ̀sẹ̀ mẹ́fà lọ, a lè lo ajẹsara gẹ́gẹ́ bí cyclosporin.
Ó jẹ́ àrùn tó wọ́pọ̀, tó ń kan tó 20 % àwọn ènìyàn. Àwọn ọ̀ràn urticaria nla máa ń hàn ní àárín ọkùnrin àti obìnrin, nígbà tí urticaria gigun sì ń wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ ní àwọn obìnrin. Urticaria nla tún wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ láàárín àwọn ọmọde, nígbà tí urticaria gigun ń wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ ní àgbàlagbà. Bí àrùn bá ń bá a lọ ju oṣù méjì lọ, ó lè wà fún ọdún púpọ̀ kí ó tó parí.
○ Itọju - Oògùn OTC
Urticaria nla maa n yanju laarin ọ̀sẹ̀ kan, ṣùgbọ́n urticaria onibaje le tẹ̀síwájú fún ọdún bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé púpọ̀ nínú wọn máa ń parí ní àkókò kan. Nínú ọ̀ràn urticaria onibaje, a gba ọ níyànjú kí o máa mu antihistamine nígbà gbogbo, kí ó sì jẹ́ kí àrùn náà parí ní ti ara rẹ̀.
Antihistamines OTC: Cetirizine tàbí levocetirizine munadoko diẹ sii ju fexofenadine, ṣùgbọ́n ó lè fà àìrọ̀rọ̀. #Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
Fun urticaria onibaje, antihistamines tí kò ń fà oorun bíi fexofenadine ni a fẹ́. #Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]