Acne - 粉刺
躯干区域的痤疮。躯干上部和背部是痤疮的常见部位。
References
痤疮是美国最常见的皮肤病，是一种持续的炎症性皮肤问题。治疗旨在解决导致痤疮的四个主要因素：皮脂分泌过多、皮肤细胞堆积、痤疮丙酸杆菌定植以及由此产生的炎症。外用维甲酸通过预防和减少粉刺同时解决炎症，有效控制炎症和非炎症病变。过氧化苯甲酰是一种非处方杀菌剂，不会促进细菌耐药性。虽然外用和口服抗生素单独起作用，但将它们与外用维A酸联合使用可以增强其有效性。在抗生素治疗中添加过氧化苯甲酰可降低细菌耐药性的风险。口服异维A酸被批准用于治疗严重和顽固的痤疮，通过 iPLEDGE 计划进行给药。
Acne, the most common skin condition in the United States, is a persistent inflammatory skin problem. Treatment aims at addressing four main factors contributing to acne: excessive sebum production, skin cell buildup, Propionibacterium acnes colonization, and resulting inflammation. Topical retinoids effectively manage both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by preventing and reducing comedones while addressing inflammation. Benzoyl peroxide, available over-the-counter, is a bactericidal agent without promoting bacterial resistance. While topical and oral antibiotics work alone, combining them with topical retinoids enhances their effectiveness. Adding benzoyl peroxide to antibiotic therapy lowers the risk of bacterial resistance. Oral isotretinoin, approved for severe and stubborn acne, is administered through the iPLEDGE program.
Acne, the most common skin condition in the United States, is a persistent inflammatory skin problem. Treatment aims at addressing four main factors contributing to acne: excessive sebum production, skin cell buildup, Propionibacterium acnes colonization, and resulting inflammation. Topical retinoids effectively manage both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by preventing and reducing comedones while addressing inflammation. Benzoyl peroxide, available over-the-counter, is a bactericidal agent without promoting bacterial resistance. While topical and oral antibiotics work alone, combining them with topical retinoids enhances their effectiveness. Adding benzoyl peroxide to antibiotic therapy lowers the risk of bacterial resistance. Oral isotretinoin, approved for severe and stubborn acne, is administered through the iPLEDGE program.
常见的痤疮局部治疗包括 benzoyl peroxide (BP) , salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, and sulfone agents 。长期以来，口服抗生素一直是痤疮治疗的关键部分，特别是对于中度至重度痤疮。当与局部维A酸和血压一起使用时，它们的效果最佳。 Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) , trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin 都显示出有效性的证据。
Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide (BP), salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, sulfone agents. Oral antibiotics have long been a key part of acne treatment, especially for moderate to severe cases. They work best when used alongside a topical retinoid and BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexin have all shown evidence of effectiveness.
Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide (BP), salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, sulfone agents. Oral antibiotics have long been a key part of acne treatment, especially for moderate to severe cases. They work best when used alongside a topical retinoid and BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexin have all shown evidence of effectiveness.
始终建议使用外用维A酸来治疗痤疮。当使用全身或局部抗生素时，将它们与过氧化苯甲酰和类视黄醇结合使用很重要，但只能持续 12 周。 Isotretinoin 保留用于对其他治疗没有反应的严重痤疮病例。虽然有一些证据表明激光疗法和化学换肤等物理疗法，以及纯化蜂毒和某些饮食等补充方法，但它们的有效性仍然不确定。
Topical retinoids are always recommended for treating acne. When using systemic or topical antibiotics, it's important to combine them with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, but only for up to 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe cases of acne that haven't responded to other treatments. While there's some evidence for physical treatments like laser therapy and chemical peels, as well as complementary approaches such as purified bee venom and certain diets, their effectiveness is still uncertain.
Topical retinoids are always recommended for treating acne. When using systemic or topical antibiotics, it's important to combine them with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, but only for up to 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe cases of acne that haven't responded to other treatments. While there's some evidence for physical treatments like laser therapy and chemical peels, as well as complementary approaches such as purified bee venom and certain diets, their effectiveness is still uncertain.
几项研究探讨了不同食物如何影响患者的痤疮。他们发现，与吃高血糖负荷食物的痤疮患者相比，吃低血糖负荷食物的痤疮患者往往会出现更少的痤疮斑点。还研究了乳制品与痤疮的关系。牛奶中的某些蛋白质似乎比脂肪或乳制品总含量更容易导致痤疮。其他研究主要集中在 omega-3 脂肪酸和 γ-亚油酸。这表明患有痤疮的人可能会受益于多吃鱼和健康油以增加这些脂肪酸的摄入量。最近关于益生菌治疗痤疮的研究显示出有希望的结果，但需要更多的研究来证实这些早期发现。
Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies.
Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies.
在两性中，称为雄激素的激素似乎是潜在机制的一部分，通过导致皮脂产生增加。另一个常见因素是皮肤上存在的痤疮皮肤杆菌过度生长。
通常使用直接应用于受影响皮肤的治疗方法，例如壬二酸、过氧化苯甲酰和水杨酸。抗生素和类维生素A可以涂在皮肤上并口服来治疗痤疮。然而，抗生素治疗可能会产生抗生素耐药性。几种避孕药可能有助于预防女性痤疮。使用异维A酸早期积极治疗痤疮可能有助于减少个人的长期并发症。
○ 治疗
阿达帕林凝胶因其抑制皮脂分泌、具有抑制痤疮复发的作用而被广泛使用。如果最初使用过多阿达帕林凝胶会刺激皮肤。另一方面，过氧化苯甲酰和壬二酸可用于炎症性痤疮部位，因为它们有助于消炎。一般来说，需要长期治疗1个月以上才能看到效果。
#Benzoyl peroxide [OXY-10]
#Adapalene gel [Differin]
#Tretinoin cream
#Minocycline
#Isotretinoin
#Topical clindamycin
#Comedone extraction