Angiofibroma - 血管纤维瘤
References
Cutaneous angiofibromas 可以出现在身体的各个部位。在脸上，它们通常被称为纤维性丘疹或皮脂腺瘤；在阴茎上，它们被称为 pearly penile papules ；在指甲下方，它们被称为甲周血管纤维瘤或 Koenen 肿瘤。在口腔中，它们被称为口腔纤维瘤。面部血管纤维瘤是 tuberous sclerosis (TS) 的一个突出特征，这是一种影响皮肤、肾脏、心脏、大脑和肺的遗传性疾病。它们通常在 TS 患者的儿童期或成年早期出现在面部。具有三个或以上面部血管纤维瘤或两个或以上甲周血管纤维瘤被认为对诊断 TS 具有重要意义。此外，在某些情况下可能会出现多个面部血管纤维瘤（ multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) 和 Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome ）。 Pearly penile papules 沿着阴茎的冠状缘和沟发现。它们是持续性、无痛的肿块，更常见于未受割礼的男性。
Cutaneous angiofibromas can be located on different areas of the body including the face where they are commonly called fibrous papules or adenoma sebaceum on the penis where they are called pearly penile papules, underneath the nail where they are called periungual angiofibromas or Koenen tumors, and in the mouth where they are called oral fibromas. Facial angiofibromas are considered one of the most obvious clinical presentations of tuberous sclerosis (TS), an autosomal dominant hamartomatous disorder that affects the skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and lungs. With TS, angiofibromas typically arise on the face in childhood and early adulthood. Both facial angiofibromas (greater than or equal to 3 needed) and periungual angiofibroma (greater than or equal to 2 needed) are 2 of the major criteria for TS. Multiple facial angiofibromas are also found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Pearly penile papules are chronic, asymptomatic, papules found on the coronal margin and sulcus of the penis. They are more common in uncircumcised men.
Cutaneous angiofibromas can be located on different areas of the body including the face where they are commonly called fibrous papules or adenoma sebaceum on the penis where they are called pearly penile papules, underneath the nail where they are called periungual angiofibromas or Koenen tumors, and in the mouth where they are called oral fibromas. Facial angiofibromas are considered one of the most obvious clinical presentations of tuberous sclerosis (TS), an autosomal dominant hamartomatous disorder that affects the skin, kidneys, heart, brain, and lungs. With TS, angiofibromas typically arise on the face in childhood and early adulthood. Both facial angiofibromas (greater than or equal to 3 needed) and periungual angiofibroma (greater than or equal to 2 needed) are 2 of the major criteria for TS. Multiple facial angiofibromas are also found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Pearly penile papules are chronic, asymptomatic, papules found on the coronal margin and sulcus of the penis. They are more common in uncircumcised men.
1）脸
Fibrous papule
2) 阴茎
Pearly penile papule
3) 手指甲或脚趾甲下面
Periungual angiofibroma