Atopic dermatitis - 特应性皮炎
常见于裸露的褶皱处，例如眼睑和颈部。特应性皮炎通常是由对花粉或螨虫过敏引起的。
这种类型的急性湿疹对低效皮质类固醇洗剂反应良好。最好尽早使用外用药物，因为抓伤后病变会变厚并变成苔藓。
References
特应性皮炎是湿疹的一种，是最常见的慢性皮肤炎症。其原因很复杂，涉及遗传和环境因素，导致皮肤外层和免疫系统异常。
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
特应性皮炎发作的主要治疗方法是使用外用皮质类固醇。吡美莫司和他克莫司是局部钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂，可以添加到局部皮质类固醇中作为初始治疗。当标准治疗不够时，紫外线光疗是治疗中度至重度特应性皮炎的安全有效的选择。针对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素可有效对抗继发性皮肤感染。虽然较新的药物 (crisaborole and dupilumab) 显示出治疗特应性皮炎的希望，但目前它们对许多患者来说过于昂贵。
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
特应性皮炎是全科医学中的常见问题，尤其是儿童。为患有这种疾病的孩子开局部类固醇处方需要充分掌握。让父母坚持治疗需要充分解释，减轻他们对皮质类固醇长期副作用的担忧。
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
原因尚不清楚，但居住在城市和气候干燥的人们更容易受到影响。接触化学品（例如肥皂）或频繁洗手会使症状恶化。虽然情绪压力可能会使症状恶化，但这并不是原因。
治疗方法包括避免使病情恶化的事情（例如使用肥皂）、在出现红斑时使用类固醇药膏以及服用止痒药物。通常会使情况变得更糟的因素包括羊毛衣服、肥皂、香水、灰尘、饮酒和香烟烟雾。如果出现细菌感染，可能需要使用抗生素（口服药丸或外用乳膏）。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
在患处涂抹非处方类固醇和服用非处方抗组胺药是有效的。在大多数情况下，这是最重要的。可以使用各种保湿剂。然而，由于特应性皮炎是一种免疫问题，仅靠保湿霜并不能解决所有问题。用肥皂清洗病变部位可能会使症状恶化。当您无法入睡或感到压力时，大多数过敏性疾病往往会变得更糟。
* 非处方抗组胺药
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
* 非处方类固醇
#Hydrocortisone cream
#Hydrocortisone ointment
#Hydrocortisone lotion
* 非处方保湿霜
#Eucerin
#Cetaphil