Burn - 烧伤
Sunburn：今后应警惕黑色素瘤的发生。
relevance score : -100.0%
References浅表烧伤（一度）仅影响表层皮肤。这类烧伤呈粉红色或红色，不会形成水泡，表面干燥，可能伴有轻度疼痛。通常在5至10天内愈合，不留疤痕。二度烧伤，也称为浅表部分厚度烧伤，累及皮肤较深的外层。常见水泡，初期可能残留。水泡破裂后，底层皮肤呈均匀的红色或粉红色，按压时会变白，疼痛明显。此类烧伤一般在2至3周内愈合，疤痕极小。深度二度烧伤涉及皮肤更深层。与浅表二度烧伤相似，常有完整水泡。去除水泡后，底层皮肤颜色不均，按压时逐渐变白。患者几乎感觉不到疼痛，仅在深压时才会出现不适。这类烧伤可自行愈合，无需手术，但恢复时间更长，且通常会留下疤痕。
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
大多数烧伤都是轻微的，可在家中或由当地医疗保健提供者进行治疗，无需住院。然而，本章专门讨论严重烧伤的即时护理与治疗。（有关详细信息，请参阅“烧伤、评估和管理”以及“烧伤、热”部分。）
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
烧伤常被忽视，但可能导致严重伤害甚至死亡。严重烧伤会引发复杂的全身反应，包括免疫反应、代谢改变和休克，这些反应难以治疗，并可能导致多个器官衰竭。
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
仅影响浅表皮肤层的烧伤称为浅表或一度烧伤。它们呈红色，无水泡，疼痛通常持续约三天。
当损伤延伸到更深的皮肤层时，为部分厚度或二度烧伤。常出现水泡，疼痛明显。愈合可能需要长达八周，并可能留下疤痕。
在全层烧伤或三度烧伤中，损伤贯穿皮肤所有层。通常无疼痛感，但烧伤部位会变得僵硬。
四度烧伤涉及更深层组织，如肌肉、肌腱或骨骼。伤口常呈黑色，且常导致组织缺失。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
应避免弄破水泡，只排出其中的血清。使用时要小心，防止纱布或敷料粘在水泡上导致撕裂。
用干净的绷带覆盖烧伤部位以保护。如水泡已破，应使用外用抗生素或1%磺胺嘧啶银乳膏（Silmazine）。可口服非甾体抗炎药、对乙酰氨基酚及非处方抗组胺药以缓解炎症和疼痛。
外用抗生素
#Bacitracin
#Silver sulfadiazine 1% cream
去痛药
#Ibuprofen
#Naproxen
#Acetaminophen
非处方抗组胺药
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]