Burn - 烧伤
Sunburn：以后要警惕黑色素瘤的发展。
relevance score : -100.0%
References浅表烧伤（一度）仅影响表层皮肤。这类烧伤呈粉红色或红色，不形成水泡，表面干燥，可能伴有轻度疼痛。通常在5至10天内愈合，不留疤痕。 二度烧伤，也称为浅表部分厚度烧伤，累及皮肤较深的外层。常见水泡，初期可能残留。水泡破裂后，底层皮肤呈均匀的红色或粉红色，按压时会变白，疼痛明显。此类烧伤一般在2至3周内愈合，疤痕极小。 深度二度烧伤涉及皮肤更深层。与浅表二度烧伤相似，常出现完整的水泡。去除水泡后，底层皮肤颜色不均，按压时逐渐变白。患者几乎感觉不到疼痛，仅在深压时才有不适。此类烧伤可自行愈合，无需手术，但恢复时间更长，且通常会留下疤痕。
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
A superficial (first-degree) burn involves the epidermis only. These burns can be pink-to-red, without blistering, are dry, and can be moderately painful. Superficial burns heal without scarring within 5 to 10 days. A second-degree burn, also known as a superficial partial-thickness burn, affects the superficial layer of the dermis. Blisters are common and may still be intact when first evaluated. Once the blister is unroofed, the underlying wound bed is homogeneously red or pink and will blanch with pressure. These burns are painful. Healing typically occurs within 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring. A deep partial-thickness burn involves the deeper reticular dermis. Similar to superficial partial-thickness burns, these burns can also present with blisters intact. Once the blisters are debrided, the underlying wound bed is mottled and will sluggishly blanch with pressure. The patient with a partial-thickness burn experiences minimal pain, which may only be present with deep pressure. These burns can heal without surgery, but it takes longer, and scarring is unavoidable.
大多数烧伤属于轻度，可在家中或由当地医疗保健提供者处理，无需住院。然而，本章专门讨论严重烧伤的急救与治疗。（有关详细信息，请参阅《烧伤、评估和管理》以及《烧伤、热》章节。）
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
Most burns are small and are treated at home or by local providers as outpatients. This chapter will focus on the initial resuscitation and management of severe burns. (Also see Burns, Evaluation and Management and Burns, Thermal).
烧伤常被忽视，却可能导致严重伤害甚至死亡。严重烧伤会引发复杂的全身反应，包括免疫反应、代谢紊乱和休克，这些情况难以治疗，且可能导致多器官衰竭。
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure.
仅影响表皮层的烧伤称为浅表或一度烧伤。它们呈红色，无水泡，疼痛通常持续约三天。
当损伤延伸至真皮深层时，为部分厚度或二度烧伤。水泡常出现且通常非常疼痛。愈合可能需要长达八周，并可能留下疤痕。
在全层烧伤或三度烧伤中，损伤会波及皮肤的所有层。通常不疼，烧伤部位会变得僵硬。
四度烧伤涉及更深层组织，如肌肉、肌腱或骨骼。伤口常呈黑色，且常导致组织缺失。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
应避免弄破水泡，若需要，可轻轻排出水泡内的血清。要小心防止纱布或敷料粘在水泡上而被撕裂或拔除。
用干净的绷带覆盖烧伤部位，以保护受影响的区域。如果水泡已经脱落，可使用外用抗生素或1%磺胺嘧啶银乳膏（Silmazine）。服用非甾体抗炎药、对乙酰氨基酚和非处方抗组胺药以减轻炎症和疼痛。
外用抗生素
#Bacitracin
#Silver sulfadiazine 1% cream
去痛药
#Ibuprofen
#Naproxen
#Acetaminophen
非处方抗组胺药
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]