Drug eruption - 药疹
药疹 (Drug eruption)的特点是影响全身。
relevance score : -100.0%
References药物引起的皮肤反应（称为药疹）有时可能非常严重。这些严重的反应被称为 severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs)，属于危及生命的情况。它们包括 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)、toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)、acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) 和 drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) 等疾病。虽然 SCARs 较为罕见，但约有 2% 的住院患者会发生。
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
31岁女性因右脚背出现无痛性红斑前来皮肤科就诊。她在接受皮秒激光治疗痤疮疤痕前一天服用了强力霉素（100 毫克）。去年，她在激光治疗后服用相同剂量的多西环素，也在同一部位出现了类似红斑。患者既往无明显病史，局部及全身无其他症状，如发热等。
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) 和 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 是两种严重的皮肤反应，区别于其他皮肤疾病（如重度多形红斑和葡萄球菌烫伤皮肤综合征）以及一般的药物反应。SJS/TEN 属于罕见且危重的反应，可导致广泛的皮肤和粘膜损伤，常伴全身症状。超过 80% 的病例中，药物是主要诱因。
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
药疹的诊断主要依靠病史和临床检查，必要时可辅以皮肤活检、血液检查或免疫学检查。
常见致疹药物包括抗生素及其他抗菌药、磺胺类药、非甾体抗炎药（NSAID）、恶性肿瘤化疗药、抗惊厥药和精神类药物。
○ 诊断和治疗
出现发热（体温升高）时应及时就医。应立即停用可疑药物（如抗生素、非甾体抗炎药）。在前往医院之前，口服抗组胺药（如西替利嗪或氯雷他定）可能有助于缓解瘙痒和皮疹。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
血液检查（CBC、LFT、嗜酸性粒细胞计数）
根据医生处方口服类固醇和抗组胺药