Dysplastic nevus - 发育不良痣
Dysplastic nevi（发育不良痣）——建议进行活检。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesDysplastic nevus，也称为非典型痣或克拉克痣，在皮肤病学和皮肤病理学领域引发了争论。医生常常对这些痣进行活检，因为它们外观异常，令人担心可能发展为黑色素瘤。
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
Dysplastic nevi，也称为非典型痣或克拉克痣，有时会导致黑色素瘤。约36%的黑色素瘤出现在发育异常痣附近。发育不良痣转变为黑色素瘤的提示包括形状不规则、色素变化明显或颜色呈灰色。这些癌症通常在较年轻时出现（约30岁左右），常为多发，且多位于躯干。从基因层面看，dysplastic nevi 位于良性痣与黑色素瘤之间。但是，只有20%到30%的黑色素瘤来自现有的痣。由于大多数痣不会变成黑色素瘤，因此通常不建议预防性去除它们。
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
黑色素瘤是一种肿瘤，由黑色素细胞（负责肤色的细胞）癌变形成。黑色素细胞起源于神经嵴，这意味着黑色素瘤不仅可在皮肤上出现，也可在神经嵴细胞迁移的其他部位（如胃肠道和大脑）发生。早期黑色素瘤（0期）患者的生存率可达97%，而晚期（IV期）患者的生存率则降至约10%。
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
○ 癌症风险
在美国白种人中，患有发育不良痣的人一生中罹患黑色素瘤的风险超过 10%。相反，没有发育不良痣的人罹患黑色素瘤的风险低于 1%。
○ 发育不良痣患者的预防措施
通常建议进行皮肤自我检查，以预防黑色素瘤（通过识别可切除的非典型痣）或早期发现已有的肿瘤。有皮肤癌或多发性非典型痣个人或家族史者应每年至少就诊一次皮肤科，以排除黑色素瘤。
缩写 ABCDE 有助于医护人员和公众记住黑色素瘤的关键特征。不幸的是，脂溢性角化病、老年雀斑甚至疣等良性病变也可能呈现 ABCDE 特征，易与黑色素瘤混淆。
○ [ABCDE]
Asymmetrical：不对称的皮肤病变。
Border：病变边界不规则。
Color：黑色素瘤常呈现多种不规则颜色。
Diameter：直径大于 6 毫米的痣比小于该尺寸的痣更可能是黑色素瘤。
Evolution：痣或病变的演变（即变化）可能提示其正在恶化。