Erythema nodosum - 结节性红斑
它看起来像腿上的一个疼痛的红斑结节。
References
Erythema nodosum 是最常见的脂膜炎类型，其特征是疼痛的红色结节，主要出现在小腿上。其确切原因尚不清楚，但似乎是由于对各种触发因素的过度反应所致。尽管其起源通常不确定，但在诊断 primary erythema nodosum 之前排除其他潜在病症非常重要。它可以表明全身性疾病的发作，例如感染、炎症、癌症或药物反应。常见的触发因素包括 strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy 。
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis 指影响皮下脂肪组织的多种炎症状况。这些情况在儿童中并不常见。 Panniculitis 可能是全身性疾病的主要问题，也可能是感染、受伤或某些药物等因素继发的反应。无论原因如何，大多数类型的 panniculitis 表现出相似的症状，包括皮肤下疼痛的红色结节。
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis ，皮肤下脂肪层的炎症，是一种罕见的疾病，通常表现为肿胀的结节或斑块。 Erythema nodosum (EN) 是最常见的类型，通常由多种因素触发。虽然大约 55% 的病例没有明确的病因，但常见的诱因包括感染、药物、结节病和炎症性肠病等某些疾病、怀孕和癌症。 EN 通常出现在青少年和年轻人中，女性更常见。在此之前，通常会出现持续一到三周的总体不适感，并出现发烧和上呼吸道问题等症状。然后，出现红色结节，通常出现在手臂和腿的外侧，引起疼痛。 EN 的确切原因尚不完全清楚，但据信它与脂肪层小血管中的免疫复合物有关，从而导致炎症。通常，活检显示脂肪层炎症，但不会损害血管。即使没有针对根本原因进行特殊治疗，EN 也通常会自行消退。因此，大多数患者只需要对其症状进行支持性护理。
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
结节性红斑通过临床诊断。可以进行活组织检查并用显微镜检查以确认不确定的诊断。应进行胸部 X 光检查以排除肺部疾病，特别是结节病和结核病。