Herpes zoster - 带状疱疹
脖子和肩膀上带状疱疹水泡
relevance score : -100.0%
References带状疱疹是由导致水痘的水痘带状疱疹病毒重新激活引起的，在美国每年影响约 100 万人，终生患病风险为 30%。免疫系统较弱的人更容易患带状疱疹，症状通常以不适、头痛和轻度发热开始，然后在出现皮疹前几天出现异常的皮肤感觉。这种皮疹通常局限于身体的特定区域，约在一周至十天内从透明水泡演变为结痂的溃疡。皮疹出现后 72 小时内及时使用抗病毒药物治疗 (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) 至关重要。带状疱疹后神经痛是常见并发症，表现为受累部位的长期疼痛，约有五分之一的患者受影响。治疗通常需要持续使用加巴喷丁、普加巴林或某些抗抑郁药，并可配合利多卡因或辣椒素等外用药。建议 50 岁及以上的成年人接种水痘带状疱疹病毒疫苗，以降低发病风险。
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster 在 50 岁及以上的人群、免疫系统较弱的人群以及服用免疫抑制剂的人群中更常见。它是由水痘带状疱疹病毒重新激活引发的，水痘带状疱疹病毒与引起水痘的病毒相同。发烧、疼痛和瘙痒等症状通常先于特征性皮疹出现。最常见的并发症是带状疱疹后神经痛，即皮疹消失后持续的神经疼痛。与带状疱疹相关的危险因素和并发症因年龄、免疫健康状况和开始治疗的时间而异。60 岁及以上人士接种疫苗已被证明可显著减少带状疱疹和带状疱疹后神经痛的发生。在皮疹出现后 72 小时内开始使用抗病毒药物和止痛药，可以减轻带状疱疹和带状疱疹后神经痛的严重程度和并发症。
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
批准前的临床试验显示，带状疱疹活疫苗的有效率约为 50%–70%，而重组疫苗的有效率更高，为 90%–97%。真实世界研究也证实了这些结果，显示活疫苗的有效率约为 46%，重组疫苗的有效率约为 85%。
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
水痘（Varicella）是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒初次感染引起，通常发生在儿童或青春期。水痘痊愈后，病毒可在神经细胞中潜伏多年，随后可能重新激活，导致带状疱疹 (Herpes zoster)。病毒沿神经纤维向皮肤末梢传播，形成水泡。带状疱疹爆发期间，接触到病毒的未曾感染水痘者可能因水泡而患上水痘。
病毒重新激活的危险因素包括年龄增长、免疫功能低下以及近期（如 18 个月内）感染水痘。水痘-带状疱疹病毒与单纯疱疹病毒同属疱疹病毒家族，但二者不同。
带状疱疹 (Herpes zoster) 疫苗可将发病风险降低 50%–90%，并显著降低带状疱疹后神经痛的发生率；即使发病，疫苗也能减轻病情的严重程度。若在皮疹出现后 72 小时内开始使用阿昔洛韦 (acyclovir) 等抗病毒药物，可缩短疾病持续时间并减轻症状。
○ 治疗
若皮疹迅速扩散，请尽快就医接受抗病毒治疗。抗病毒药物和神经痛药物均为必要治疗。患者应充分休息并避免饮酒。
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#Pregabalin