Impetigo - 脓疱疮
下巴脓疱疮一例。如果小孩没有受伤史，但伤口样病变正在扩散，则应怀疑脓疱病。
与特应性皮炎不同，脓疱疮需要抗生素治疗，并且可能会因使用类固醇而恶化。
References
Impetigo 是 2 至 5 岁儿童中最常见的细菌性皮肤感染，主要有两种类型：非大疱性（70% 的病例）和大疱性（30% 的病例）。非大疱性脓疱病通常由 Staphylococcus aureus 或 Streptococcus pyogenes 引起。它通过面部和四肢上的蜂蜜色结痂来识别，主要针对皮肤或可感染昆虫叮咬、湿疹或疱疹病变。大疱性脓疱病仅由金黄色葡萄球菌引起，会导致大而松弛的大疱，并经常影响皮肤相互摩擦的区域。这两种类型通常会在两到三周内消失，不会留下疤痕，并发症也很少见，其中链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎最为严重。治疗包括局部使用抗生素（ mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid ）。对于大疱性脓疱疮或局部治疗不可行时，可能需要口服抗生素。虽然可以选择几种口服抗生素（ amoxicillin/clavulanate, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and macrolides ），但青霉素无效。外用消毒剂的效果不如抗生素，应避免使用。 Fusidic acid, mupirocin, and retapamulin 可有效对抗甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌感染。 Clindamycin 对于疑似 methicillin-resistant S. Aureus 感染很有用。 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 可对抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，但不足以对抗链球菌感染。
Impetigo, the most common bacterial skin infection in children aged two to five, comes in two main types: nonbullous (70% of cases) and bullous (30% of cases). Nonbullous impetigo is typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It's recognized by honey-colored crusts on the face and limbs and mainly targets the skin or can infect insect bites, eczema, or herpetic lesions. Bullous impetigo, caused solely by S. aureus, leads to large, flaccid bullae and often affects areas where skin rubs together. Both types usually clear up within two to three weeks without scarring, and complications are rare, with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis being the most severe. Treatment involves topical antibiotics (mupirocin, retapamulin, fusidic acid). Oral antibiotics might be necessary for impetigo with large bullae or when topical treatment isn't feasible. While several oral antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, macrolides) are options, penicillin isn't effective. Topical disinfectants aren't as good as antibiotics and should be avoided. Fusidic acid, mupirocin, retapamulin are effective against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and streptococcal infections. Clindamycin is useful for suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole works against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, but isn't enough for streptococcal infection.
Impetigo, the most common bacterial skin infection in children aged two to five, comes in two main types: nonbullous (70% of cases) and bullous (30% of cases). Nonbullous impetigo is typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It's recognized by honey-colored crusts on the face and limbs and mainly targets the skin or can infect insect bites, eczema, or herpetic lesions. Bullous impetigo, caused solely by S. aureus, leads to large, flaccid bullae and often affects areas where skin rubs together. Both types usually clear up within two to three weeks without scarring, and complications are rare, with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis being the most severe. Treatment involves topical antibiotics (mupirocin, retapamulin, fusidic acid). Oral antibiotics might be necessary for impetigo with large bullae or when topical treatment isn't feasible. While several oral antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, macrolides) are options, penicillin isn't effective. Topical disinfectants aren't as good as antibiotics and should be avoided. Fusidic acid, mupirocin, retapamulin are effective against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and streptococcal infections. Clindamycin is useful for suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole works against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, but isn't enough for streptococcal infection.
Impetigo 是由某些细菌引起的常见皮肤感染，很容易通过接触传播。它通常表现为红色斑块，上面覆盖着黄色的痂，可能会引起瘙痒或疼痛。这种感染最常见于生活在温暖潮湿地区的儿童。它可能表现为水泡，也可能没有水泡。虽然它经常影响面部，但它也可能发生在皮肤破损的任何地方。诊断主要依靠症状和外观。治疗通常包括局部和口服抗生素以及症状管理。
Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. It most commonly presents as erythematous plaques with a yellow crust and may be itchy or painful. The lesions are highly contagious and spread easily. Impetigo is a disease of children who reside in hot humid climates. The infection may be bullous or nonbullous. The infection typically affects the face but can also occur in any other part of the body that has an abrasion, laceration, insect bite or other trauma. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care.
Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. It most commonly presents as erythematous plaques with a yellow crust and may be itchy or painful. The lesions are highly contagious and spread easily. Impetigo is a disease of children who reside in hot humid climates. The infection may be bullous or nonbullous. The infection typically affects the face but can also occur in any other part of the body that has an abrasion, laceration, insect bite or other trauma. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care.
脓疱疮 (impetigo) 通常是由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性链球菌引起。通过接触，它可以在人与人之间或人与人之间传播。就儿童而言，它会传染给他们的兄弟姐妹。
治疗通常使用抗生素乳膏，例如莫匹罗星或夫西地酸。如果大面积受影响，可以使用口服抗生素，例如头孢氨苄。
2010 年， 脓疱疮 (impetigo) 影响了约 1.4 亿人（占世界人口的 2%）。它可以发生在任何年龄，但最常见于幼儿。并发症可能包括蜂窝织炎或链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
* 由于脓疱病是一种传染性疾病，因此不应使用类固醇药膏。如果您无法区分脓疱疮和湿疹，请服用非处方抗组胺药，不要使用类固醇药膏。
#OTC antihistamine
* 请在患处涂抹非处方抗生素软膏。
#Bacitracin
#Polysporin