Impetigo - 脓疱疮
下巴脓疱疮一例。如果小孩没有受伤史，但伤口样病变正在扩散，则应怀疑脓疱病。
与特应性皮炎不同，脓疱疮需要抗生素治疗，并且可能会因使用类固醇而恶化。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesImpetigo 是 2 至 5 岁儿童中最常见的细菌性皮肤感染，主要有两种类型：非大疱性（约占 70%）和大疱性（约占 30%）。非大疱性脓疱病通常由 Staphylococcus aureus 或 Streptococcus pyogenes 引起。其特征是面部和四肢出现蜂蜜色结痂，常见于皮肤破损、昆虫叮咬、湿疹或疱疹病变处。大疱性脓疱病仅由金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）引起，可形成大而松弛的大疱，常累及皮肤相互摩擦的部位。两种类型一般在两至三周内自行消退，不留疤痕，并发症少见，最严重的并发症是链球菌感染后导致的肾小球肾炎。 治疗方面，首选局部抗生素，如 mupirocin、retapamulin 和 fusidic acid。对于大疱性脓疱病或局部治疗无效的情况，可考虑口服抗生素。常用口服药物包括 amoxicillin/clavulanate、dicloxacillin、cephalexin、clindamycin、doxycycline、minocycline、trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 以及 macrolides，但青霉素类对金黄色葡萄球菌无效。外用消毒剂的疗效不如抗生素，应避免使用。 其中，fusidic acid、mupirocin 和 retapamulin 对甲氧西林敏感的 Staphylococcus aureus 和链球菌均有效。Clindamycin 对疑似 methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）感染有帮助。Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 能对抗耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌，但对链球菌的作用不足。
Impetigo, the most common bacterial skin infection in children aged two to five, comes in two main types: nonbullous (70% of cases) and bullous (30% of cases). Nonbullous impetigo is typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It's recognized by honey-colored crusts on the face and limbs and mainly targets the skin or can infect insect bites, eczema, or herpetic lesions. Bullous impetigo, caused solely by S. aureus, leads to large, flaccid bullae and often affects areas where skin rubs together. Both types usually clear up within two to three weeks without scarring, and complications are rare, with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis being the most severe. Treatment involves topical antibiotics (mupirocin, retapamulin, fusidic acid). Oral antibiotics might be necessary for impetigo with large bullae or when topical treatment isn't feasible. While several oral antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, macrolides) are options, penicillin isn't effective. Topical disinfectants aren't as good as antibiotics and should be avoided. Fusidic acid, mupirocin, retapamulin are effective against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and streptococcal infections. Clindamycin is useful for suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole works against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, but isn't enough for streptococcal infection.
Impetigo, the most common bacterial skin infection in children aged two to five, comes in two main types: nonbullous (70% of cases) and bullous (30% of cases). Nonbullous impetigo is typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It's recognized by honey-colored crusts on the face and limbs and mainly targets the skin or can infect insect bites, eczema, or herpetic lesions. Bullous impetigo, caused solely by S. aureus, leads to large, flaccid bullae and often affects areas where skin rubs together. Both types usually clear up within two to three weeks without scarring, and complications are rare, with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis being the most severe. Treatment involves topical antibiotics (mupirocin, retapamulin, fusidic acid). Oral antibiotics might be necessary for impetigo with large bullae or when topical treatment isn't feasible. While several oral antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, macrolides) are options, penicillin isn't effective. Topical disinfectants aren't as good as antibiotics and should be avoided. Fusidic acid, mupirocin, retapamulin are effective against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and streptococcal infections. Clindamycin is useful for suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole works against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, but isn't enough for streptococcal infection.
Impetigo 是由某些细菌引起的常见皮肤感染，容易通过接触传播。它通常表现为红色斑块，表面覆盖黄色痂皮，可能伴有瘙痒或疼痛。这种感染最常见于生活在温暖潮湿地区的儿童。临床上可出现水泡，也可无水泡。虽然常累及面部，但也可发生在任何皮肤破损处。诊断主要依据症状和外观。治疗一般包括局部和口服抗生素以及对症处理。
Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. It most commonly presents as erythematous plaques with a yellow crust and may be itchy or painful. The lesions are highly contagious and spread easily. Impetigo is a disease of children who reside in hot humid climates. The infection may be bullous or nonbullous. The infection typically affects the face but can also occur in any other part of the body that has an abrasion, laceration, insect bite or other trauma. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care.
Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. It most commonly presents as erythematous plaques with a yellow crust and may be itchy or painful. The lesions are highly contagious and spread easily. Impetigo is a disease of children who reside in hot humid climates. The infection may be bullous or nonbullous. The infection typically affects the face but can also occur in any other part of the body that has an abrasion, laceration, insect bite or other trauma. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care.
脓疱疮 (Impetigo) 通常由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性链球菌引起。通过接触可在人与人之间传播，尤其在儿童中容易传染给兄弟姐妹。
治疗通常使用抗生素乳膏，如莫匹罗星或夫西地酸。若病变面积较大，可口服抗生素，如头孢氨苄。
2010 年，脓疱疮 (Impetigo) 影响约 1.4 亿人（约占全球人口的 2%）。它可发生于任何年龄段，但最常见于幼儿。并发症包括蜂窝织炎或链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
* 由于脓疱疮是一种传染性疾病，不宜使用类固醇药膏。如无法区分脓疱疮与湿疹，可服用非处方抗组胺药，避免使用类固醇药膏。
#OTC antihistamine
* 请在患处涂抹非处方抗生素软膏。
#Bacitracin
#Polysporin