Lymphangioma - 淋巴管瘤
淋巴管瘤 (Lymphangioma) 是以薄壁囊肿病变为特征的淋巴系统畸形。这些畸形可发生在任何年龄，并可能累及身体的任何部位，但 90% 发生于 2 岁以下的儿童，累及头颈部。淋巴管瘤通常在出生前使用胎儿超声检查进行诊断。获得性淋巴管瘤可能由创伤、炎症或淋巴阻塞引起。由于淋巴管瘤没有机会恶变，因此通常仅出于美观原因进行治疗。
References
Lymphangioma 也称为淋巴管畸形 (LM) 。这是一种从出生起就存在的血管疾病。其特点是出生前后淋巴组织异常生长。 Lymphangioma 影响大约 2000 到 4000 人中的 1 人，性别或种族之间没有显着差异。大多数病例（80-90%）在两岁之前被诊断出来。症状多种多样，从局部肿胀到淋巴通道广泛异常，有时会导致严重肿胀，称为象皮病。例如，颈部和面部的 lymphangioma 会导致面部肿胀，严重时会导致毁容。当它影响舌头时，可能会导致下巴过度生长和牙齿错位。在口腔和颈部，它会导致呼吸问题和危及生命的紧急情况。在眼睛中，它可能会导致视力丧失、眼球运动受限、眼睑下垂和眼睛凸出。四肢受累会导致组织和骨骼肿胀和异常生长。这种肿瘤通常生长缓慢，但感染、激素变化或损伤可能导致快速生长，造成危及生命的风险，需要紧急治疗。
Lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation, LM), a congenital vascular disease, is a low-flow vascular abnormality in lymphatic diseases that is characterized by excessive growth of lymphatic tissue during prenatal and postpartum development. The incidence rate of LM is ~1:2000–4000, with no variation between genders and races. Most patients (80–90%) are diagnosed before the age of two. The clinical manifestations of lymphangioma are quite different among patients, varying from local swelling leading to superficial mass to a large area of diffuse infiltrating lymphatic channel abnormalities resulting in elephantiasis. Cervicofacial LM can cause facial elephantiasis, and in some severe cases, it can lead to serious disfigurement of the face. Tongue LM can lead to mandibular overgrowth and occlusal asymmetry, and oral and cervical LM can cause obstructive acute respiratory distress and life-threatening situations. Orbital LM may lead to decreased vision, decreased extraocular muscle movement, ptosis and exophthalmos. LM of the extremities can trigger swelling or gigantism, accompanied by overgrowth of soft tissue and bones. LM usually grows slowly and steadily, but under certain conditions, such as infection, hormonal changes or trauma, it can grow explosively and become a life-threatening disease requiring immediate treatment.
Lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation, LM), a congenital vascular disease, is a low-flow vascular abnormality in lymphatic diseases that is characterized by excessive growth of lymphatic tissue during prenatal and postpartum development. The incidence rate of LM is ~1:2000–4000, with no variation between genders and races. Most patients (80–90%) are diagnosed before the age of two. The clinical manifestations of lymphangioma are quite different among patients, varying from local swelling leading to superficial mass to a large area of diffuse infiltrating lymphatic channel abnormalities resulting in elephantiasis. Cervicofacial LM can cause facial elephantiasis, and in some severe cases, it can lead to serious disfigurement of the face. Tongue LM can lead to mandibular overgrowth and occlusal asymmetry, and oral and cervical LM can cause obstructive acute respiratory distress and life-threatening situations. Orbital LM may lead to decreased vision, decreased extraocular muscle movement, ptosis and exophthalmos. LM of the extremities can trigger swelling or gigantism, accompanied by overgrowth of soft tissue and bones. LM usually grows slowly and steadily, but under certain conditions, such as infection, hormonal changes or trauma, it can grow explosively and become a life-threatening disease requiring immediate treatment.
在这项回顾性研究中，我们回顾了 1999 年 1 月至 2004 年 12 月期间患有 lymphangioma 并接受博来霉素溶液注射治疗的 24 名儿童。大多数病变（63%）完全消失，21% 获得良好反应，16%没有很好地回应。两名患者的肿瘤后来复发，另外两名患者在注射时出现脓肿。幸运的是，我们没有看到任何其他大问题或副作用。
This is a retrospective study of 24 children diagnosed with lymphangioma and treated with intralesional injection of bleomycin aqueous solution from January 1999 to December 2004. Complete resolution was seen in 63% (15/24) of lesions, 21% (5/24) had good response and 16% (4/24) had poor response. The tumour recurred in 2 patients. Two other patients had abscess formation at the site of injection. No other serious complications or side effects were observed.
This is a retrospective study of 24 children diagnosed with lymphangioma and treated with intralesional injection of bleomycin aqueous solution from January 1999 to December 2004. Complete resolution was seen in 63% (15/24) of lesions, 21% (5/24) had good response and 16% (4/24) had poor response. The tumour recurred in 2 patients. Two other patients had abscess formation at the site of injection. No other serious complications or side effects were observed.
Lymphangioma 的主要类型有：- lymphangioma circumscriptum, cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, lymphangioendothelioma 。这些肿瘤约占儿童良性血管肿瘤的 26%，但在成人中较少见。 lymphangioma circumscriptum ，最常见的类型，显示淋巴管穿过皮肤突出，形成类似于青蛙卵的透明充满液体的囊泡，并伴有组织肿胀。它通常出现在淋巴网络丰富的区域，如四肢、躯干和腋窝。一位71岁的女性来到我们诊所就诊，她的腿部持续肿胀，生殖器上出现粉红色肿块，瘙痒，淋巴液渗漏。我们通过称为双侧大阴唇切除术的手术切除了所有肿块，停在科尔斯筋膜水平，同时保留阴蒂和阴蒂。
The predominant types of lymphangioma are lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC), cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, and lymphangioendothelioma. These entities account for approximately 26% of benign vascular tumors in children but are rarer in adults. LC is the most common form of cutaneous lymphangioma and is characterized by superficial lymphatic ducts protruding through the epidermis. This condition results in clusters of clear fluid-filled vesicles resembling frog spawn and associated tissue edema. It is usually found on the proximal extremity, trunk, and axilla, which has an abundant lymphatic system. A 71-year-old female presented to our outpatient clinic with persistent edema of both lower limbs, clusters of pink labial papules, pruritus, and watery lymph oozing. We removed all the papules by performing bilateral major labiectomy down to the level of Colles' fascia, sparing the clitoris and fourchette.
The predominant types of lymphangioma are lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC), cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, and lymphangioendothelioma. These entities account for approximately 26% of benign vascular tumors in children but are rarer in adults. LC is the most common form of cutaneous lymphangioma and is characterized by superficial lymphatic ducts protruding through the epidermis. This condition results in clusters of clear fluid-filled vesicles resembling frog spawn and associated tissue edema. It is usually found on the proximal extremity, trunk, and axilla, which has an abundant lymphatic system. A 71-year-old female presented to our outpatient clinic with persistent edema of both lower limbs, clusters of pink labial papules, pruritus, and watery lymph oozing. We removed all the papules by performing bilateral major labiectomy down to the level of Colles' fascia, sparing the clitoris and fourchette.
