Panniculitis - 脂膜炎
结核病是重要原因之一。
References
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis 形成一组涉及皮下脂肪组织的异质炎症性疾病。这些疾病在儿童中很少见。脂膜炎可以是全身性疾病的主要过程，也可以是由感染、创伤或接触药物引起的继发过程。大多数类型的脂膜炎具有相同的临床表现（无论病因如何），具有触痛的红斑皮下结节。
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis ，皮下脂肪炎症，通常表现为炎性结节。 Erythema nodosum (EN) 是临床上最常见的脂膜炎形式。虽然高达 55% 的 EN 被认为是特发性的，但最常见的原因包括感染、药物、系统性疾病（如结节病和炎症性肠病）、妊娠和恶性肿瘤。 EN 通常出现在青少年和 20 岁左右，并且更常见于女性。在此之前通常会出现一到三周的非特异性前驱症状，其中可能包括发烧、不适和上呼吸道感染症状。随后出现皮肤损伤，通常位于四肢的伸肌侧。病变为疼痛的圆形或椭圆形、轻微凸起、非溃疡性红色结节。 EN 的确切发病机制尚不清楚，但被认为是由免疫复合物沉积在皮下脂肪间隔微静脉中引起的，导致中性粒细胞性脂膜炎。即使没有针对病因进行特殊治疗，大多数情况下 EN 也无需治疗即可痊愈。
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
“结节性红斑”是 脂膜炎 (panniculitis) 的一种形式，其特征为 1-10 厘米的触痛红色结节，伴有全身症状，包括发烧、不适和关节疼痛。结节可能会在 2-6 周内消退，不会出现溃疡或结疤。结节性红斑与感染有关，包括丙型肝炎、EBV 和结核病、妊娠、非霍奇金淋巴瘤和胰腺癌。