Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation - 炎症后色素沉着过度https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpigmentation
炎症后色素沉着过度 (Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation) 是一种皮肤病,其特征是皮肤炎症后皮肤色素增加。 炎症后色素沉着过度 (postinflammatory hyperpigmentation) 可能是由长期日晒、炎症或其他皮肤损伤(包括与痤疮相关的损伤)引起的。肤色较深的人通常更容易因过度日晒而出现色素沉着过度。

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      References Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation 32644576 
      NIH
      Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) 是皮肤发炎或受伤后常见的皮肤问题。它往往会持续很长时间,并且对于肤色较深的人来说情况更糟 (Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI) 。尽管它通常会自行好转,但这可能需要一段时间,因此通常需要很长时间的治疗。结合不同的治疗效果最佳。
      Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common acquired cutaneous disorder occurring after skin inflammation or injury. It is chronic and is more common and severe in darker-skinned individuals (Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI). While the condition typically improves spontaneously, this process can take months to years, necessitating prolonged treatment. Combination therapy is the most effective.
       Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color 20725554 
      NIH
      Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 是皮肤炎症常见的后遗症。它往往对深色皮肤的人产生更严重和更频繁的影响。研究表明,诸如 postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 之类的问题是肤色较深的人寻求皮肤科护理的主要原因之一。早期治疗对于解决 postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 至关重要,通常从控制最初的炎症状况开始。第一线治疗通常涉及使用美白皮肤的外用制剂以及防晒霜进行保护。这些药剂和 hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, licorice extracts 一样,可以有效减少过度色素沉着。此外, retinoids, mequinol, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, N-acetyl glucosamine, soy 也被用作脱色剂,新的治疗方法不断涌现。虽然局部治疗通常对表面色素沉着过度有效,但对于顽固病例可能需要手术( laser, chemical peel )。重要的是要谨慎对待这些治疗,以避免 postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 受到刺激和恶化。
      Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common sequelae of inflammatory dermatoses that tends to affect darker skinned patients with greater frequency and severity. Epidemiological studies show that dyschromias, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, are among the most common reasons darker racial/ethnic groups seek the care of a dermatologist. The treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation should be started early to help hasten its resolution and begins with management of the initial inflammatory condition. First-line therapy typically consists of topical depigmenting agents in addition to photoprotection including a sunscreen. Topical tyrosinase inhibitors, such as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, and certain licorice extracts, can effectively lighten areas of hypermelanosis. Other depigmenting agents include retinoids, mequinol, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, N-acetyl glucosamine, and soy with a number of emerging therapies on the horizon. Topical therapy is typically effective for epidermal postinflammatory hyperpigmentation; however, certain procedures, such as chemical peeling and laser therapy, may help treat recalcitrant hyperpigmentation. It is also important to use caution with all of the above treatments to prevent irritation and worsening of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.