Urticaria - 荨麻疹
疑似Erythema multiforme minor或urticarial vasculitis的病变，而不是典型的荨麻疹。
这是荨麻疹的典型病例。病变每隔几个小时就会移动一次。
荨麻疹 ― 手臂
Cold urticaria
relevance score : -100.0%
References荨麻疹的典型表现是发痒的风团，有时伴有深层皮肤肿胀。通常通过避免已知的触发因素来控制病情。首选治疗是使用第二代 H1 抗组胺药，必要时可加大剂量。若需要，还可以联合使用第一代 H1 抗组胺药、H2 抗组胺药、白三烯受体拮抗剂、强效抗组胺药或短程口服皮质类固醇。对于症状持续的患者，可考虑转诊至专科，采用 Omalizumab(奥马珠单抗) 或 Cyclosporine(环孢素) 等替代疗法。
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
Angioedema 是指按压时不会留下凹坑的肿胀，发生在皮肤或粘膜下层。它通常影响面部、嘴唇、颈部和四肢，以及口腔、喉咙和肠道等部位。当它影响喉咙时就会变得危险，可能会导致危及生命的情况。
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
预防的关键是避免已知的诱发因素。治疗一般采用抗组胺药，如苯海拉明和雷尼替丁；严重病例可加用皮质类固醇或白三烯抑制剂。保持环境温度适度凉爽也有帮助。对于持续超过六周的慢性病例，可考虑使用环孢素等免疫抑制剂。
荨麻疹是一种常见疾病，约 20% 的人曾受其影响。急性荨麻疹在男女中的发病率相同，慢性病例在女性中更常见。急性荨麻疹多见于儿童，慢性荨麻疹则多见于中年人。若病程超过两个月，往往会持续数年后自行消退。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
急性荨麻疹通常在一周内自行缓解；慢性荨麻疹可能持续数年，尽管大多数患者最终会在某个阶段痊愈。对于慢性荨麻疹，建议定期服用抗组胺药，以帮助症状自行消退。
非处方抗组胺药：西替利嗪或左西替利嗪的疗效优于非索非那定，但可能导致嗜睡。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
对于慢性荨麻疹，首选非索非那定等非嗜睡抗组胺药。
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]