Urticaria - 荨麻疹
疑似Erythema multiforme minor或urticarial vasculitis的病变，而不是典型的荨麻疹。
这是荨麻疹的典型病例。病变每隔几个小时就会移动一次。
荨麻疹 ― 手臂
Cold urticaria
References
荨麻疹通常以发痒的风团和有时深层皮肤肿胀为特征，通常通过避免触发因素（如果已知）来控制。主要治疗方法是使用第二代 H1 抗组胺药，如果需要，可以调整至更高剂量。此外，其他药物如第一代 H1 抗组胺药、H2 抗组胺药、白三烯受体拮抗剂、强效抗组胺药和短疗程皮质类固醇也可同时使用。对于持续存在的病例，可以考虑转诊至专家，接受奥马珠单抗或环孢素等替代疗法。
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
Angioedema 是指按压时不会留下凹坑的肿胀，发生在皮肤或粘膜下层。它通常影响面部、嘴唇、颈部和四肢，以及口腔、喉咙和肠道等部位。当它影响喉咙时就会变得危险，可能会导致危及生命的情况。
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
预防就是避免导致这种情况的任何因素。治疗通常使用抗组胺药，例如苯海拉明和雷尼替丁。在严重的情况下，也可以使用皮质类固醇或白三烯抑制剂。暂时保持环境温度凉爽也很有用。对于持续超过六周的病例，可以使用环孢素等免疫抑制剂。
这是一种常见疾病，约有 20% 的人受到影响。急性荨麻疹病例在男性和女性中发生率相同，而持续时间较长的病例在女性中更为常见。急性荨麻疹多见于儿童，而长期荨麻疹多见于中年人。如果持续超过两个月，通常会持续数年，然后消失。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
急性荨麻疹通常会在一周内消退，但慢性荨麻疹可能会持续数年，尽管大多数会在某个时候消失。如果是慢性荨麻疹，建议定期服用抗组胺药，等待其自行消失。
非处方抗组胺药。西替利嗪或左西替利嗪比非索非那定更有效，但会使您昏昏欲睡。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
对于慢性荨麻疹，首选非索非那定等非嗜睡抗组胺药。
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]