Varicella - 水痘
一个男孩出现了典型的水痘水泡。
这是典型的水痘病变，其特征为同时出现水疱、红斑和结痂。即使已接种疫苗，也可能出现此类病变；但已接种者的症状通常较轻。抗病毒治疗可迅速改善病情。
relevance score : -100.0%
References水痘是一种由水痘带状疱疹病毒 (VZV) 引起的传染性疾病。该病毒在免疫力低下者首次感染时会导致水痘，随后在病毒重新激活时可能引起带状疱疹。水痘表现为瘙痒的皮疹，伴有小水泡并逐渐结痂，通常先出现在胸部、背部和面部，然后向全身扩散。患者常伴有发热、乏力、咽喉痛和头痛，病程一般为5至7天。并发症可包括肺炎、脑炎以及细菌性皮肤感染，成人的病情往往比儿童更为严重。潜伏期通常为接触后10至21天，平均约为两周。
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
水痘主要通过空气传播，感染者的咳嗽和打喷嚏可轻易将病毒传给他人。潜伏期为 10–21 天，随后出现特征性皮疹。皮疹出现前 1–2 天可能继续扩散，直至所有病变结痂。病毒也可通过接触水泡传播。人们通常只会患一次水痘。虽然病毒可再次感染，但通常不出现症状。
自 1995 年推出水痘疫苗以来，病例数和并发症显著下降。许多国家建议儿童常规接种。自疫苗普及后，美国的感染人数下降近 90%。对于并发症风险较高的患者，建议使用阿昔洛韦 (Acyclovir) 等抗病毒药物。
○ 治疗
症状轻微时，可服用非处方抗组胺药并密切观察；症状严重时，则需使用抗病毒药物。
#OTC antihistamine
#Acyclovir