Acne - 粉刺
軀幹區域的痤瘡。軀幹上部和背部是痤瘡的常見部位。
References
痤瘡是美國最常見的皮膚病，是一種持續的發炎性皮膚問題。治療旨在解決導致痤瘡的四個主要因素：皮脂分泌過多、皮膚細胞堆積、痤瘡丙酸桿菌定植以及由此產生的發炎。外用維他命A酸透過預防和減少粉刺同時解決炎症，有效控制發炎和非發炎病變。過氧化苯甲醯是一種非處方殺菌劑，不會促進細菌抗藥性。雖然外用和口服抗生素單獨起作用，但將它們與外用維A酸聯合使用可以增強其有效性。在抗生素治療中添加過氧化苯甲醯可降低細菌抗藥性的風險。口服異維A酸被批准用於治療嚴重和頑固的痤瘡，透過 iPLEDGE 計劃進行給藥。
Acne, the most common skin condition in the United States, is a persistent inflammatory skin problem. Treatment aims at addressing four main factors contributing to acne: excessive sebum production, skin cell buildup, Propionibacterium acnes colonization, and resulting inflammation. Topical retinoids effectively manage both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by preventing and reducing comedones while addressing inflammation. Benzoyl peroxide, available over-the-counter, is a bactericidal agent without promoting bacterial resistance. While topical and oral antibiotics work alone, combining them with topical retinoids enhances their effectiveness. Adding benzoyl peroxide to antibiotic therapy lowers the risk of bacterial resistance. Oral isotretinoin, approved for severe and stubborn acne, is administered through the iPLEDGE program.
Acne, the most common skin condition in the United States, is a persistent inflammatory skin problem. Treatment aims at addressing four main factors contributing to acne: excessive sebum production, skin cell buildup, Propionibacterium acnes colonization, and resulting inflammation. Topical retinoids effectively manage both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions by preventing and reducing comedones while addressing inflammation. Benzoyl peroxide, available over-the-counter, is a bactericidal agent without promoting bacterial resistance. While topical and oral antibiotics work alone, combining them with topical retinoids enhances their effectiveness. Adding benzoyl peroxide to antibiotic therapy lowers the risk of bacterial resistance. Oral isotretinoin, approved for severe and stubborn acne, is administered through the iPLEDGE program.
常見的痤瘡局部治療包括 benzoyl peroxide (BP) , salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, and sulfone agents 。長期以來，口服抗生素一直是痤瘡治療的關鍵部分，特別是對於中度至重度痤瘡。當與局部維A酸和血壓一起使用時，它們的效果最佳。 Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) , trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin 都顯示出有效性的證據。
Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide (BP), salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, sulfone agents. Oral antibiotics have long been a key part of acne treatment, especially for moderate to severe cases. They work best when used alongside a topical retinoid and BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexin have all shown evidence of effectiveness.
Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide (BP), salicylic acid, antibiotics, combinations of antibiotics with BP, retinoids, combinations of retinoids with BP or antibiotics, azelaic acid, sulfone agents. Oral antibiotics have long been a key part of acne treatment, especially for moderate to severe cases. They work best when used alongside a topical retinoid and BP. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexin have all shown evidence of effectiveness.
始終建議使用外用維A酸來治療痤瘡。當使用全身或局部抗生素時，將它們與過氧化苯甲酰和類視黃醇結合使用很重要，但只能持續 12 週。 Isotretinoin 保留用於對其他治療沒有反應的嚴重痤瘡病例。雖然有一些證據表明雷射療法和化學換膚等物理療法，以及純化蜂毒和某些飲食等補充方法，但它們的有效性仍然不確定。
Topical retinoids are always recommended for treating acne. When using systemic or topical antibiotics, it's important to combine them with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, but only for up to 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe cases of acne that haven't responded to other treatments. While there's some evidence for physical treatments like laser therapy and chemical peels, as well as complementary approaches such as purified bee venom and certain diets, their effectiveness is still uncertain.
Topical retinoids are always recommended for treating acne. When using systemic or topical antibiotics, it's important to combine them with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, but only for up to 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe cases of acne that haven't responded to other treatments. While there's some evidence for physical treatments like laser therapy and chemical peels, as well as complementary approaches such as purified bee venom and certain diets, their effectiveness is still uncertain.
幾項研究探討了不同食物如何影響患者的痤瘡。他們發現，與吃高血糖負荷食物的痤瘡患者相比，吃低血糖負荷食物的痤瘡患者往往會出現較少的痤瘡斑點。也研究了乳製品與痤瘡的關係。牛奶中的某些蛋白質似乎比脂肪或乳製品總含量更容易導致痤瘡。其他研究主要集中在 omega-3 脂肪酸和 γ-亞麻油酸。這表明患有痤瘡的人可能會受益於多吃魚和健康油以增加這些脂肪酸的攝取量。最近關於益生菌治療痤瘡的研究顯示出有希望的結果，但需要更多的研究來證實這些早期發現。
Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies.
Several studies have evaluated the significance of the glycemic index of various foods and glycemic load in patients with acne, demonstrating individuals with acne who consume diets with a low glycemic load have reduced acne lesions compared with individuals on high glycemic load diets. Dairy has also been a focus of study regarding dietary influences on acne; whey proteins responsible for the insulinotropic effects of milk may contribute more to acne development than the actual fat or dairy content. Other studies have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid consumption in individuals with acne, showing individuals with acne benefit from diets consisting of fish and healthy oils, thereby increasing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake. Recent research into the effects of probiotic administration in individuals with acne present promising results; further study of the effects of probiotics on acne is needed to support the findings of these early studies.
在兩性中，稱為雄激素的激素似乎是潛在機制的一部分，透過導致皮脂產生增加。另一個常見因素是皮膚上存在的痤瘡皮膚桿菌過度生長。
通常使用直接應用於受影響皮膚的治療方法，例如壬二酸、過氧化苯甲酰和水楊酸。抗生素和類維生素A可以塗在皮膚上並口服來治療痤瘡。然而，抗生素治療可能會產生抗生素抗藥性。幾種避孕藥可能有助於預防女性痤瘡。使用異維A酸早期積極治療痤瘡可能有助於減少個人的長期併發症。
○ 治療
阿達帕林凝膠因其抑制皮脂分泌、具有抑制痤瘡復發的作用而被廣泛使用。如果最初使用過多阿達帕林凝膠會刺激皮膚。另一方面，過氧化苯甲酰和壬二酸可用於發炎性痤瘡部位，因為它們有助於消炎。一般來說，需要長期治療1個月以上才能看到效果。
#Benzoyl peroxide [OXY-10]
#Adapalene gel [Differin]
#Tretinoin cream
#Minocycline
#Isotretinoin
#Topical clindamycin
#Comedone extraction