Cellulitis - 蜂窩織炎
腿部是蜂窩織炎 (Cellulitis)的常見部位。
典型案例
癒合階段。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesCellulitis 是一種常見的細菌性皮膚感染。每年，它影響美國超過 1400 萬人，導致約 37 億美元的門診護理費用，並使 65 萬人住院。通常，Cellulitis 表現為皮膚上溫暖、紅色的區域，伴隨腫脹和壓痛。它是由急性細菌感染引起，會導致深層皮膚及鄰近組織發炎。此感染不伴有膿腫或膿液。β-溶血性鏈球菌，尤其是 A 型鏈球菌 (Streptococcus pyogenes) 是常見的罪魁禍首，其次是 methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus。
Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection, with over 14 million cases occurring in the United States annually. It accounts for approximately 3.7 billion dollars in ambulatory care costs and 650000 hospitalizations annually. Cellulitis typically presents as a poorly demarcated, warm, erythematous area with associated edema and tenderness to palpation. It is an acute bacterial infection causing inflammation of the deep dermis and surrounding subcutaneous tissue. The infection is without an abscess or purulent discharge. Beta-hemolytic streptococci typically cause cellulitis, generally group A streptococcus (i.e., Streptococcus pyogenes), followed by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Patients who are immunocompromised, colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, bitten by animals, or have comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus may become infected with other bacteria.
Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection, with over 14 million cases occurring in the United States annually. It accounts for approximately 3.7 billion dollars in ambulatory care costs and 650000 hospitalizations annually. Cellulitis typically presents as a poorly demarcated, warm, erythematous area with associated edema and tenderness to palpation. It is an acute bacterial infection causing inflammation of the deep dermis and surrounding subcutaneous tissue. The infection is without an abscess or purulent discharge. Beta-hemolytic streptococci typically cause cellulitis, generally group A streptococcus (i.e., Streptococcus pyogenes), followed by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Patients who are immunocompromised, colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, bitten by animals, or have comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus may become infected with other bacteria.
Cellulitis 是皮膚和軟組織的細菌感染。當皮膚的保護屏障、免疫系統或血液循環出現問題時，就會發生此情況。糖尿病、肥胖和老年人透過影響這些因素，增加 cellulitis 的風險。我們也回顧了近期關於 cellulitis 診斷的研究，強調準確診斷的重要性，因為靜脈功能不全、濕疹、深部靜脈栓塞和痛風等疾病常與蜂窩性組織炎混淆。用於治療 cellulitis 的抗生素經過精心選擇，針對常見致病菌，同時避免促進抗藥性。我們亦討論了已獲批准用於 cellulitis 的新型抗生素。Cellulitis 由於持續存在的危險因子及淋巴系統受損，常常復發。
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues. It happens when there are issues with the skin's protective barrier, the immune system, or blood circulation. Diabetes, obesity, and old age increase the chances of cellulitis by affecting these areas. We also look at recent findings on diagnosing cellulitis, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis since conditions like venous insufficiency, eczema, deep vein thrombosis, and gout are often confused with cellulitis. Antibiotics used to treat cellulitis are chosen carefully to target common bacteria without encouraging antibiotic resistance. We also talk about new antibiotics approved for cellulitis. Cellulitis often comes back because of ongoing risk factors and damage to the lymphatic system..
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues. It happens when there are issues with the skin's protective barrier, the immune system, or blood circulation. Diabetes, obesity, and old age increase the chances of cellulitis by affecting these areas. We also look at recent findings on diagnosing cellulitis, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis since conditions like venous insufficiency, eczema, deep vein thrombosis, and gout are often confused with cellulitis. Antibiotics used to treat cellulitis are chosen carefully to target common bacteria without encouraging antibiotic resistance. We also talk about new antibiotics approved for cellulitis. Cellulitis often comes back because of ongoing risk factors and damage to the lymphatic system..
許多人因突發的細菌性皮膚感染而前往醫院或急診室。Staphylococcus aureus 是造成這些感染的主要細菌，由於某些菌株對常見抗生素具有抗藥性，治療變得越來越困難。
Acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections are a common reason for seeking care at acute healthcare facilities, including emergency departments. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism associated with these infections, and the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has represented a considerable challenge in their treatment.
Acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections are a common reason for seeking care at acute healthcare facilities, including emergency departments. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism associated with these infections, and the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has represented a considerable challenge in their treatment.
根據對抗生素的反應，Staphylococcus aureus 可分為兩種：methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) 與 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)。過去幾十年，由於細菌進化與抗生素過度使用，S. aureus 的藥物抗藥性持續上升，導致全球 MRSA 感染率增加。
According to the sensitivity to antibiotic drugs, S. aureus can be divided into methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In recent decades, due to the evolution of bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics, the drug resistance of S. aureus has gradually increased, the infection rate of MRSA has increased worldwide.
According to the sensitivity to antibiotic drugs, S. aureus can be divided into methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In recent decades, due to the evolution of bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics, the drug resistance of S. aureus has gradually increased, the infection rate of MRSA has increased worldwide.
To review the salient features of the management of severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), including toxic shock syndrome, myonecrosis/gas gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis.
腿部和臉部是最常受累的部位。危險因子包括肥胖、下肢水腫與高齡。最常見的致病菌是鏈球菌和金黃色葡萄球菌。
治療通常使用口服抗生素，例如頭孢氨芐(Cefalexin)、阿莫西林(Amoxicillin)或氯唑西林(Cloxacillin)。約 95% 的患者在 7 至 10 天的療程後症狀會改善。但糖尿病患者的預後較差，需特別留意。
蜂窩性組織炎在英國的住院率為 1.6%。2015 年，全球因蜂窩性組織炎死亡約 16,900 人。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
晚期蜂窩性組織炎必須由醫師開立抗生素。若病變快速惡化、伴隨發燒或寒顫，應儘速就醫。早期可在病灶處塗抹非處方抗生素軟膏，但若塗抹太薄，效果可能不佳。
#Polysporin
#Bacitracin
#Betadine
可使用對乙醯氨基酚等非處方止痛藥緩解疼痛。
#Ibuprofen
#Naproxen
#Acetaminophen
保持足部清潔並治療腳氣，因為腳氣會增加蜂窩性組織炎的風險。
○ 治療
#First‑generation cephalosporins (e.g. Cefradine)
#Bacterial culture
#Third‑generation cephalosporins (e.g. Cefditoren Pivoxil)