Drug eruption - 藥疹
藥疹 (Drug eruption)的特徵是會影響全身。
relevance score : -100.0%
References藥物引起的皮膚反應（稱為藥疹）有時可能相當嚴重。此類嚴重反應稱為 severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs)，屬於危及生命的情況。它們包括類似 Stevens‑Johnson syndrome (SJS)、toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)、acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) 以及 drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) 的疾病。雖然 SCARs 很罕見，但約有 2% 的住院患者會發生此類情形。
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
一名31歲的女性因右腳背出現無痛性紅斑而就診皮膚科。她在接受痤瘡疤痕的皮秒雷射治療前一天，服用了一劑強力黴素（100 毫克）。去年，她在雷射治療後服用相同劑量的多西環素，亦在同一部位出現類似問題。她無明顯病史，也沒有局部或全身其他症狀，如發燒。
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) 與 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 是兩種嚴重的皮膚反應，與其他皮膚疾病（如重度多形紅斑、葡萄球菌燙傷皮膚症候群）及一般藥物過敏反應不同。SJS/TEN 為罕見且危重的反應，會引起廣泛的皮膚與黏膜損傷，常伴隨全身症狀。超過 80% 的病例中，藥物是主要原因。
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
藥疹的診斷主要依靠病史與臨床檢查，必要時可輔以皮膚活檢、血液檢查或免疫學檢查。
常見會引起皮疹的藥物包括抗生素與其他抗菌藥、磺胺類藥、非類固醇抗發炎藥（NSAID）、惡性腫瘤化療藥、抗驚厥藥以及精神科用藥。
○ 診斷與治療
若出現發燒（體溫升高），應儘速就醫。應立即停用可疑藥物（如抗生素、非類固醇抗發炎藥）。在前往醫院前，可口服抗組織胺（例如西替利嗪或氯雷他定）以緩解搔癢與皮疹。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
血液檢查（CBC、LFT、嗜酸性粒細胞計數）
依醫師處方口服類固醇與抗組織胺藥物