Drug eruption - 藥疹
藥疹 (Drug eruption)的特徵是影響全身。
References
藥物引起的皮膚反應（稱為藥疹）有時可能很嚴重。這些嚴重反應被稱為 severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) ，被認為危及生命。它們包括類似 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) , toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) , acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) , and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) 的條件。雖然 SCARs 很罕見，但大約 2% 的住院患者會出現這種情況。
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
一名31歲的女性因右腳背出現無痛性紅斑就診於皮膚科。在皮秒雷射治療痤瘡疤痕後，她前一天服用了一劑強力黴素（100 毫克）。去年，她在雷射治療後服用相同劑量的多西環素後，在同一部位出現了類似的問題。她沒有明顯的病史，也沒有局部或全身其他症狀，例如發燒。
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) 和 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 是嚴重皮膚反應的兩種形式，不同於其他皮膚病（如重度多形紅斑和葡萄球菌燙傷皮膚症候群）以及藥物反應。 SJS/TEN 是一種罕見且嚴重的反應，會導致廣泛的皮膚和黏膜損傷，通常伴隨全身症狀。在超過 80% 的病例中，藥物是原因。
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
藥疹的診斷主要透過病史和臨床檢查。皮膚活檢、血液檢查或免疫學檢查也可能有用。
會引起皮疹的常見藥物包括抗生素和其他抗菌藥物、磺胺類藥物、非類固醇抗發炎藥（NSAID）、惡性腫瘤化療藥物、抗驚厥藥物和精神藥物。
○ 診斷與治療
若發燒（體溫升高），應盡快就醫。應停用可疑藥物（例如抗生素、非類固醇抗發炎藥）。在去醫院之前，口服抗組織胺（例如西替利嗪或氯雷他定）可能有助於緩解搔癢和皮疹。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
血液檢查（CBC、LFT、嗜酸性粒細胞計數）
根據醫師處方口服類固醇和抗組織胺藥