Dysplastic nevus - 發育不良痣
Dysplastic nevi ― 建議西方人進行活檢。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesDysplastic nevus，也稱為非典型痣或克拉克痣，常成為皮膚科與皮膚病理學的討論焦點。醫師常會對這類痣進行活檢，因為它們外觀異常，可能引發對黑色素瘤的擔憂。
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
Dysplastic nevi（非典型痣或克拉克痣），有時會發展成黑色素瘤。約 36% 的黑色素瘤發現在 Dysplastic nevi（發育異常痣）附近。發育異常痣可能轉變為黑色素瘤的警示徵象包括形狀不均、色素變化多或呈灰色。此類癌症多見於較年輕者（約三十歲），常為多發，且多發生於軀幹。從基因層面看， Dysplastic nevi 介於良性痣與黑色素瘤之間。但是，只有 20% 到 30% 的黑色素瘤來源於既有的痣。
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
黑色素瘤是一種腫瘤，當黑色素細胞（負責膚色的細胞）發生癌變時形成。黑色素細胞起源於神經嵴，這意味著黑色素瘤不僅可以在皮膚上生長，還可能出現在神經嵴細胞遷移的其他部位（例如胃腸道和大腦）。早期黑色素瘤（0期）患者的存活率高達 97%，而晚期（IV期）患者的存活率則大幅下降至約 10%。
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
○ 癌症風險
根據美國白人族群的研究，患有發育不良痣的人一生中罹患黑色素瘤的風險高於 10%。相較之下，沒有發育不良痣的人罹患黑色素瘤的風險低於 1%。
○ 發育不良痣患者的預防措施
通常建議透過皮膚自我檢查來預防黑色素瘤（例如辨識可切除的非典型痣）或早期發現已有的腫瘤。有皮膚癌或多發性非典型痣個人或家族史者，應每年至少就診一次皮膚科醫師，以確保未罹患黑色素瘤。
縮寫 [ABCDE] 有助於醫療保健提供者及非專業人士記憶黑色素瘤的關鍵特徵。然而，許多脂漏性角化症、部分老年雀斑甚至疣也可能呈現 [ABCDE] 特徵，難以與黑色素瘤區分。
○ [ABCDE]
Asymmetrical：不對稱的皮膚病變。
Border：病變邊界不規則。
Color：黑色素瘤常呈多種不均勻的顏色。
Diameter：直徑大於 6 毫米的痣較小的痣更可能是黑色素瘤。
Evolution：痣或病變的演變（即變化）可能表示病變正在惡化。