Epidermal cyst - 表皮囊腫https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermoid_cyst
表皮囊腫 (Epidermal cyst) 是皮膚上最常見的良性囊腫。表皮囊腫 (epidermal cyst) 可能沒有任何症狀,或觸摸時會感到疼痛,且可釋放浸漬的角蛋白。

表皮囊腫 (epidermal cyst) 約佔所有切除囊腫的 85‑95%,惡性化極為罕見,通常可透過手術切除。

治療
手術切除——即使你不斷擠壓囊腫內的內容,它仍可能復發。因此,對於疼痛性病變或疑似感染,通常需要手術切除並使用抗生素治療。

治療 - 非處方藥
頻繁觸碰受影響的部位可能會引發發炎。直徑超過 1 公分的發炎病灶大多需要在醫院接受手術治療。若小病變發炎,可嘗試使用非處方抗生素。不要使用類固醇軟膏治療表皮囊腫​​。
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  • 如果通常持續存在的小腫塊突然發炎,則可能懷疑為表皮囊腫。
  • 這種情況很難與普通膿腫區分開來。
  • 表皮囊腫的一個特徵是有中央排出孔,例如在中間可見一個黑點。
  • 典型inflamed epidermal cyst——中心有一個黑色開口
  • 它看起來像一個緩慢生長的老腫塊,擠壓時,角蛋白物質可能會釋放出來。
  • 表皮囊腫 (Epidermal cyst) 是一個充滿角蛋白的腫塊。
  • 小病灶可能看起來像膿腫,但與膿腫不同的是,表皮囊腫 (Epidermal cyst) 常常呈現可觸及的腫塊。
  • Inflamed thyroglossal cyst
References Minimally Invasive Excision of Epidermal Cysts through a Small Hole Made by a CO2 Laser 24511501 
NIH
為了改善去除表皮囊腫後的外觀,我們建議採用侵入性較低的方法。我們引入了一種新技術,利用二氧化碳雷射打出的微小孔洞即可完全消除囊腫。我們治療了 25 名直徑為 0.5 至 1.5 公分、未發炎且可自由活動的囊腫患者,所有患者皆對術後皮膚的外觀感到滿意。此技術操作簡單,幾乎不會留下疤痕,囊腫復發的可能性也很低。
To improve the cosmetic results of removing epidermal cysts, minimally invasive methods have been proposed. We proposed a new minimally invasive method that completely removes a cyst through a small hole made by a CO2 laser. Twenty-five patients with epidermal cysts, which were 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter, non-inflamed, and freely movable, were treated. All of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results. This method is simple and results in minimal scarring and low recurrence rates without complications.
 Epidermal Inclusion Cyst 30335343 
NIH
Epidermal inclusion cysts 是最常見的皮膚囊腫類型,可出現在身體任何部位。它們通常呈現為皮膚表面下的柔軟腫塊,且常可見中心的凹陷或開口。這些囊腫可能引起疼痛,感覺像皮下充滿液體的柔軟腫塊。
Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and can occur anywhere on the body. These cysts typically present as fluctuant nodules under the surface of the skin, often with visible central puncta. These cysts often become painful to the patient and may present as a fluctuant filled nodule below the patient's skin.
 Epidermoid Cyst 29763149 
NIH
Epidermoid cysts 通常稱為皮脂囊腫。它們是充滿角蛋白的小結節,常見於臉部、頸部和軀幹的皮下。
Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. Most commonly located on the face, neck, and trunk.
 Overview of epidermoid cyst 31516916 
NIH
在放射學中,它們呈圓形至橢圓形結構,輪廓清晰,未見血管;restricted diffusion 常見。
On radiology, they have round to oval structure, well-circumscribed, avascular mass; restricted diffusion is typical.