Erythema nodosum - 結節性紅斑
它看起來像腿上的一個疼痛的紅斑結節。
References
Erythema nodosum 是最常見的脂膜炎類型，其特徵是疼痛的紅色結節，主要出現在小腿。其確切原因尚不清楚，但似乎是由於對各種觸發因素的過度反應所致。儘管其起源通常不確定，但在診斷 primary erythema nodosum 之前排除其他潛在病症非常重要。它可以表明全身性疾病的發作，例如感染、發炎、癌症或藥物反應。常見的觸發因素包括 strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy 。
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis 指影響皮下脂肪組織的多種發炎狀況。這些情況在兒童中並不常見。 Panniculitis 可能是全身性疾病的主要問題，也可能是感染、受傷或某些藥物等因素繼發的反應。無論原因為何，大多數類型的 panniculitis 表現出相似的症狀，包括皮膚下疼痛的紅色結節。
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis ，皮膚下脂肪層的炎症，是一種罕見的疾病，通常表現為腫脹的結節或斑塊。 Erythema nodosum (EN) 是最常見的類型，通常由多種因素觸發。雖然大約 55% 的病例沒有明確的病因，但常見的誘因包括感染、藥物、結節病和發炎性腸道疾病等某些疾病、懷孕和癌症。 EN 通常出現在青少年和年輕人中，女性更常見。在此之前，通常會出現持續一到三週的整體不適感，並出現發燒和上呼吸道問題等症狀。然後，出現紅色結節，通常出現在手臂和腿的外側，引起疼痛。 EN 的確切原因尚不完全清楚，但據信它與脂肪層小血管中的免疫複合物有關，從而導致發炎。通常，活檢顯示脂肪層炎症，但不會損害血管。即使沒有針對根本原因進行特殊治療，EN 也通常會自行消退。因此，大多數患者只需要對其症狀進行支持性護理。
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
結節性紅斑透過臨床診斷。可以進行活組織檢查並用顯微鏡檢查以確認不確定的診斷。應進行胸部 X 光檢查以排除肺部疾病，特別是結節病和結核病。