Herpes simplex - 單純皰疹
嘴唇上的單純皰疹。
單純皰疹 (Herpes simplex) ― 手指單純皰疹感染在幼兒中比成人更常見。
References
HSV-1感染是透過上皮細胞的初次感染、隨後的潛伏期（主要在神經元）和重新活化來進行。 HSV-1 通常會引起初次和復發性水皰疹，主要出現在口腔和生殖器黏膜上。其表現範圍從口唇皰疹到各種病症，如皰疹性毛囊炎、皮膚感染、眼部受累，以及嚴重的疾病例如皰疹性腦炎。抗病毒治療有助於控制 HSV 感染。
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) 是一種廣泛感染，影響約 22% 的 12 歲及以上成年人，在美國總共有 4500 萬成年人。雖然 HSV-1 通常會導致口腔潰瘍，但它也可能導致生殖器病變。然而，當患者出現生殖器病變時，HSV-2 通常是主要問題。 HSV-2 爆發的症狀通常很模糊，例如生殖器搔癢和刺激，這可能會延遲診斷和治療。這種延遲可能會導致進一步傳播給未感染者。
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 通常會引起青少年和成人的生殖器皰疹和唇皰疹等感染。當 HSV 在出生後 4-6 週內感染嬰兒時，可能會導致嚴重疾病並造成嚴重後果。快速診斷新生兒 HSV 感染對於阻止疾病惡化、預防神經系統問題（甚至死亡）至關重要。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex 感染很常見，可以從孕婦傳染給嬰兒。這種病毒會導致新生兒嚴重的健康問題甚至死亡。雖然這種情況在懷孕期間很少見，但在分娩期間經常發生。如果母親在懷孕後期感染，風險最高。然而，在某些情況下，可以透過使用抗病毒藥物或選擇剖腹產來降低這種風險。
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 型和 2 型感染全世界許多人。通常，病毒感染皮膚後會在神經細胞中保持安靜，但稍後可能會重新激活，導致唇皰疹。有時，它會導致嚴重的問題，如眼部感染、腦部發炎或新生兒和免疫系統較弱的人出現危險狀況。雖然目前的藥物有助於控制感染，但抗藥性和副作用的風險仍然令人擔憂。我們需要新藥來更好地針對病毒。
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
單純皰疹 (herpes simplex) 病毒有兩種類型：1 型 (HSV-1) 和 2 型 (HSV-2)。 HSV-1 更常見地引起口腔周圍感染，而 HSV-2 更常見地引起生殖器感染。它們透過與感染者的直接接觸傳播。生殖器皰疹被歸類為性傳染感染。它可能會在分娩過程中傳播給嬰兒。感染後，病毒沿著感覺神經運送到神經細胞體，並終生駐留在那裡。復發的原因可能包括：免疫功能下降、壓力和陽光照射。
在大多數情況下，僅在症狀嚴重時才服用抗病毒藥物。對於經常感染的人，可能會開立每日抗病毒藥物。沒有可用的疫苗，帶狀皰疹疫苗也不能預防單純皰疹。使用阿昔洛韋或伐昔洛韋等抗病毒藥物治療可以減輕症狀的嚴重程度。
全球成人 HSV-1 或 HSV-2 的感染率介於 60% 至 95% 之間。 HSV-1 通常在兒童時期感染。截至 2003 年，估計全球有 5.36 億人（佔人口的 16%）感染 HSV-2，其中女性和發展中國家的感染率更高。大多數 HSV-2 感染者並沒有意識到自己已被感染。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
當水泡出現時，避免任何身體接觸，例如親吻孩子，因為接觸會將感染傳播給其他人。你應該休息，不要喝酒。
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