Herpes simplex - 單純皰疹
嘴唇上的單純皰疹。
單純皰疹 (Herpes simplex) ― 手指單純皰疹感染在幼兒中比成人更常見。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesHSV-1 感染經由上皮細胞的首次感染、隨後在神經元中的潛伏期，最後再活化而完成。HSV-1 通常會引起初次及復發性水皰疹，主要出現在口腔黏膜和生殖器黏膜上。其臨床表現範圍包括口唇皰疹以及其他疾病，如皰疹性毛囊炎、皮膚感染、眼部受累，甚至嚴重的皰疹性腦炎。抗病毒治療有助於控制 HSV-1 感染。
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) 是一種常見感染，約有 22% 的 12 歲以上成年人受到影響，在美國約有 4500 萬成年人感染。雖然 HSV-1 通常會引起口腔潰瘍，但它也可能導致生殖器病變；然而，當出現生殖器病變時，HSV-2 通常是主要致病因素。HSV-2 爆發的症狀往往較為模糊，如生殖器搔癢和刺激感，這可能會延遲診斷與治療，進而增加傳染給未感染者的風險。
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 通常會引起青少年和成人的生殖器皰疹、唇皰疹等感染。若 HSV 在出生後 4–6 週內感染嬰兒，可能導致嚴重疾病，甚至危及生命。快速診斷新生兒 HSV 感染對於阻止疾病惡化、預防神經系統問題（甚至死亡）至關重要。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex 感染很常見，且可由孕婦傳染給嬰兒。此病毒可能導致新生兒出現嚴重健康問題，甚至死亡。雖然在懷孕期間此情況較少見，但在分娩時卻較常發生。若母親於懷孕後期感染，風險最高。然而，在某些情況下，可透過使用抗病毒藥物或選擇剖腹產來降低此風險。
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 型和 2 型感染了全世界許多人。通常，病毒感染皮膚後會在神經細胞中保持潛伏，但稍後可能重新激活，導致唇皰疹。有時，它會引發嚴重問題，如眼部感染、腦部發炎，或在新生兒及免疫系統較弱者中出現危險狀況。雖然目前的藥物有助於控制感染，但抗藥性和副作用的風險仍令人擔憂。我們需要新藥來更有效地針對病毒。
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
單純皰疹病毒（Herpes simplex virus）分為兩型：1 型 (HSV-1) 與 2 型 (HSV-2)。HSV-1 主要引起口腔周圍感染，HSV-2 則多見於生殖器感染。病毒透過與感染者的直接接觸傳播，生殖器皰疹屬於性傳染疾病，亦可能在分娩時傳給嬰兒。感染後，病毒沿感覺神經傳送至神經細胞體，終生潛伏。復發常因免疫功能下降、壓力或陽光曝曬而觸發。
大多數情況下，僅在症狀明顯時才使用抗病毒藥物；對於頻繁復發者，醫師可能建議每日口服抗病毒藥。目前尚無可預防單純皰疹的疫苗，帶狀皰疹疫苗亦無效。使用阿昔洛韋 (acyclovir) 或伐昔洛韋 (valacyclovir) 等抗病毒藥物可減輕症狀並縮短病程。
全球成人 HSV-1 或 HSV-2 的感染率介於 60% 至 95% 之間。HSV-1 多在兒童期感染；截至 2003 年，約有 5.36 億人（約佔全球人口的 16%）感染 HSV-2，女性與發展中國家的感染率較高。多數 HSV-2 感染者並未察覺自己已感染。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
水皰出現時應避免與他人直接接觸，例如不要親吻嬰兒，以免傳染。建議充足休息，並避免飲酒。
#Acyclovir cream