Herpes zoster - 帶狀皰疹
脖子和肩膀上帶狀皰疹水泡
relevance score : -100.0%
References帶狀皰疹是由導致水痘的水痘帶狀皰疹病毒重新活化所致，在美國每年約有 100 萬人受到影響，終生罹患風險為 30%。免疫功能較弱者更易罹患帶狀皰疹，症狀通常先出現不適、頭痛與輕微發燒，接著在皮疹出現前數天出現異常的皮膚感覺。皮疹多局限於身體的特定區域，於一週至十天內由透明水泡演變為結痂的潰瘍。皮疹出現後 72 小時內盡快使用抗病毒藥物治療 (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) 非常重要。帶狀皰疹後神經痛是常見併發症，約有五分之一的患者會出現持續性疼痛，需使用 gabapentin、pregabalin 或某些抗憂鬱藥物，並可搭配 lidocaine (利多卡因) 或 capsaicin (辣椒素) 等外用藥物。建議 50 歲以上的成年人接種水痘帶狀皰疹病毒疫苗，以降低罹患帶狀皰疹的風險。
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster 在 50 歲及以上、免疫系統較弱或服用免疫抑制劑的人群中更常見。它是由水痘帶狀皰疹病毒重新活化所致，該病毒與引起水痘的病毒相同。發燒、疼痛和搔癢等症狀通常先於特徵性皮疹出現。最常見的併發症是帶狀皰疹後神經痛，即皮疹消失後持續的神經疼痛。與帶狀皰疹相關的危險因子與併發症會因年齡、免疫健康狀況及治療起始時間而異。60 歲以上人士接種疫苗已被證明可顯著減少帶狀皰疹和帶狀皰疹後神經痛的發生。於皮疹出現後 72 小時內即開始使用抗病毒藥物與止痛藥，可減輕帶狀皰疹及其後神經痛的嚴重程度與併發症。
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
核准前的臨床試驗顯示，帶狀皰疹活疫苗的效力約為 50% 至 70%，而重組疫苗的效力更佳，達 90% 至 97%。在現實世界的研究中，結果亦支持上述試驗，顯示活疫苗的有效率約為 46%，重組疫苗則約為 85%。
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
水痘（Varicella）是首次感染水痘病毒所致，通常發生於兒童或青春期。水痘痊癒後，病毒會在神經節細胞中休眠多年，之後可能重新活化，導致帶狀皰疹 (Herpes zoster)。病毒沿神經傳播至皮膚神經末梢，形成水泡。帶狀皰疹爆發期間，若接觸到帶狀皰疹患者的水泡，尚未得過水痘的人可能會感染水痘。
病毒重新活化的危險因子包括年齡增長、免疫功能不佳以及 18 個月內曾感染過水痘。水痘帶狀皰疹病毒與單純皰疹病毒不同，雖同屬皰疹病毒科。
帶狀皰疹 (Herpes zoster) 疫苗可將發病風險降低 50% 至 90%，同時降低帶狀皰疹後神經痛的發生率與疾病嚴重度。若在皮疹出現後 72 小時內開始使用阿昔洛韋 (Acyclovir) 等抗病毒藥物，可減少疾病的嚴重程度與持續時間。
○ 治療
若病灶迅速擴散，請儘速就醫接受抗病毒治療。抗病毒藥物與神經痛藥物皆為必要，同時應充分休息並避免飲酒。
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