Lymphangioma - 淋巴管瘤
淋巴管瘤 (Lymphangioma) 是以薄壁囊腫病灶為特徵的淋巴系統畸形。這些畸形可發生在任何年齡，並可能涉及身體的任何部位，但 90% 發生在 2 歲以下的兒童，涉及頭頸部。後天性淋巴管瘤可能由創傷、發炎或淋巴阻塞引起。由於淋巴管瘤沒有機會惡性化，因此通常僅出於美觀原因進行治療。
References
Lymphangioma 也稱為淋巴管畸形 (LM) 。這是一種從出生就存在的血管疾病。其特徵是出生前後淋巴組織異常生長。 Lymphangioma 影響大約 2000 到 4000 人中的 1 人，性別或種族之間沒有顯著差異。大多數病例（80-90%）在兩歲前被診斷出來。症狀多種多樣，從局部腫脹到淋巴通道廣泛異常，有時會導致嚴重腫脹，稱為像皮病。例如，頸部和臉部的 lymphangioma 會導致臉部腫脹，嚴重時會導致毀容。當它影響舌頭時，可能會導致下巴過度生長和牙齒錯位。在口腔和頸部，它會導致呼吸問題和危及生命的緊急情況。在眼睛中，它可能會導致視力喪失、眼球運動受限、眼瞼下垂和眼睛凸出。四肢受累會導致組織和骨骼腫脹和異常生長。這種腫瘤通常生長緩慢，但感染、荷爾蒙變化或損傷可能導致快速生長，造成危及生命的風險，需要緊急治療。
Lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation, LM), a congenital vascular disease, is a low-flow vascular abnormality in lymphatic diseases that is characterized by excessive growth of lymphatic tissue during prenatal and postpartum development. The incidence rate of LM is ~1:2000–4000, with no variation between genders and races. Most patients (80–90%) are diagnosed before the age of two. The clinical manifestations of lymphangioma are quite different among patients, varying from local swelling leading to superficial mass to a large area of diffuse infiltrating lymphatic channel abnormalities resulting in elephantiasis. Cervicofacial LM can cause facial elephantiasis, and in some severe cases, it can lead to serious disfigurement of the face. Tongue LM can lead to mandibular overgrowth and occlusal asymmetry, and oral and cervical LM can cause obstructive acute respiratory distress and life-threatening situations. Orbital LM may lead to decreased vision, decreased extraocular muscle movement, ptosis and exophthalmos. LM of the extremities can trigger swelling or gigantism, accompanied by overgrowth of soft tissue and bones. LM usually grows slowly and steadily, but under certain conditions, such as infection, hormonal changes or trauma, it can grow explosively and become a life-threatening disease requiring immediate treatment.
Lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation, LM), a congenital vascular disease, is a low-flow vascular abnormality in lymphatic diseases that is characterized by excessive growth of lymphatic tissue during prenatal and postpartum development. The incidence rate of LM is ~1:2000–4000, with no variation between genders and races. Most patients (80–90%) are diagnosed before the age of two. The clinical manifestations of lymphangioma are quite different among patients, varying from local swelling leading to superficial mass to a large area of diffuse infiltrating lymphatic channel abnormalities resulting in elephantiasis. Cervicofacial LM can cause facial elephantiasis, and in some severe cases, it can lead to serious disfigurement of the face. Tongue LM can lead to mandibular overgrowth and occlusal asymmetry, and oral and cervical LM can cause obstructive acute respiratory distress and life-threatening situations. Orbital LM may lead to decreased vision, decreased extraocular muscle movement, ptosis and exophthalmos. LM of the extremities can trigger swelling or gigantism, accompanied by overgrowth of soft tissue and bones. LM usually grows slowly and steadily, but under certain conditions, such as infection, hormonal changes or trauma, it can grow explosively and become a life-threatening disease requiring immediate treatment.
在這項回顧性研究中，我們回顧了1999 年1 月至2004 年12 月期間患有 lymphangioma 並接受博來黴素溶液注射治療的24 名兒童。 % 獲得良好反應，16%沒有很好地回應。兩名患者的腫瘤後來復發，另外兩名患者在註射時出現膿瘍。幸運的是，我們沒有看到任何其他大問題或副作用。
This is a retrospective study of 24 children diagnosed with lymphangioma and treated with intralesional injection of bleomycin aqueous solution from January 1999 to December 2004. Complete resolution was seen in 63% (15/24) of lesions, 21% (5/24) had good response and 16% (4/24) had poor response. The tumour recurred in 2 patients. Two other patients had abscess formation at the site of injection. No other serious complications or side effects were observed.
This is a retrospective study of 24 children diagnosed with lymphangioma and treated with intralesional injection of bleomycin aqueous solution from January 1999 to December 2004. Complete resolution was seen in 63% (15/24) of lesions, 21% (5/24) had good response and 16% (4/24) had poor response. The tumour recurred in 2 patients. Two other patients had abscess formation at the site of injection. No other serious complications or side effects were observed.
Lymphangioma 的主要類型有：- lymphangioma circumscriptum, cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, lymphangioendothelioma 。這些腫瘤約佔兒童良性血管腫瘤的 26%，但在成人較少見。 lymphangioma circumscriptum ，最常見的類型，顯示淋巴管穿過皮膚突出，形成類似於青蛙卵的透明充滿液體的囊泡，並伴隨組織腫脹。它通常出現在淋巴網絡豐富的區域，如四肢、軀幹和腋窩。一位71歲的女性來到我們診所就診，她的腿部持續腫脹，生殖器上出現粉紅色腫塊，搔癢，淋巴液滲漏。我們透過稱為雙側大陰唇切除術的手術切除了所有腫塊，停在科爾斯筋膜水平，同時保留陰蒂和陰蒂。
The predominant types of lymphangioma are lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC), cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, and lymphangioendothelioma. These entities account for approximately 26% of benign vascular tumors in children but are rarer in adults. LC is the most common form of cutaneous lymphangioma and is characterized by superficial lymphatic ducts protruding through the epidermis. This condition results in clusters of clear fluid-filled vesicles resembling frog spawn and associated tissue edema. It is usually found on the proximal extremity, trunk, and axilla, which has an abundant lymphatic system. A 71-year-old female presented to our outpatient clinic with persistent edema of both lower limbs, clusters of pink labial papules, pruritus, and watery lymph oozing. We removed all the papules by performing bilateral major labiectomy down to the level of Colles' fascia, sparing the clitoris and fourchette.
The predominant types of lymphangioma are lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC), cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, and lymphangioendothelioma. These entities account for approximately 26% of benign vascular tumors in children but are rarer in adults. LC is the most common form of cutaneous lymphangioma and is characterized by superficial lymphatic ducts protruding through the epidermis. This condition results in clusters of clear fluid-filled vesicles resembling frog spawn and associated tissue edema. It is usually found on the proximal extremity, trunk, and axilla, which has an abundant lymphatic system. A 71-year-old female presented to our outpatient clinic with persistent edema of both lower limbs, clusters of pink labial papules, pruritus, and watery lymph oozing. We removed all the papules by performing bilateral major labiectomy down to the level of Colles' fascia, sparing the clitoris and fourchette.
