Panniculitis - 脂膜炎
結核病是重要原因之一。
References
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis 形成一組涉及皮下脂肪組織的異質性發炎疾病。這些疾病在兒童中很少見。脂膜炎可以是全身性疾病的主要過程，也可以是感染、創傷或接觸藥物引起的繼發過程。大多數類型的脂膜炎具有相同的臨床表現（無論病因如何），具有觸痛的紅斑皮下結節。
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis ，皮下脂肪炎症，通常表現為發炎結節。 Erythema nodosum (EN) 是臨床上最常見的脂膜炎形式。雖然高達 55% 的 EN 被認為是特發性的，但最常見的原因包括感染、藥物、系統性疾病（如結節病和發炎性腸道疾病）、懷孕和惡性腫瘤。 EN 通常出現在青少年和 20 歲左右，並且更常見於女性。在此之前通常會出現一到三週的非特異性前驅症狀，可能包括發燒、不適和上呼吸道感染症狀。隨後出現皮膚損傷，通常位於四肢的伸肌側。病灶為疼痛的圓形或橢圓形、輕微凸起、非潰瘍性紅色結節。 EN 的確切發病機制尚不清楚，但被認為是由免疫複合物沉積在皮下脂肪間隔微靜脈中引起的，導致中性粒細胞性脂膜炎。即使沒有針對病因進行特殊治療，大多數情況下 EN 也無需治療即可痊癒。
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.
「結節性紅斑」是 脂膜炎 (panniculitis) 的一種形式，其特徵為 1-10 公分的觸痛紅色結節，伴隨全身症狀，包括發燒、不適和關節疼痛。結節可能會在 2-6 週內消退，不會出現潰瘍或結疤。結節性紅斑與感染有關，包括丙型肝炎、EBV 和結核病、懷孕、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤和胰臟癌。