Scabies is a contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and a pimple-like rash. These symptoms can be present across most of the body or just certain areas such as the wrists, between fingers, or along the waistline.
Scabies 是一種由微小蟎蟲引起的傳染性皮膚病。這種蟎蟲會鑽入皮膚,導致劇烈搔癢,尤其是在晚上。它的主要傳播方式是透過皮膚接觸,因此家庭成員和密切接觸者的風險最高。 2009 年,世界衛生組織 (WHO) 將 scabies 標記為一種被忽視的皮膚病,強調其作為健康問題的重要性,特別是在發展中國家。 Scabies is a contagious skin condition resulting from the infestation of a mite. The Sarcoptes scabiei mite burrows within the skin and causes severe itching. This itch is relentless, especially at night. Skin-to-skin contact transmits the infectious organism therefore, family members and skin contact relationships create the highest risk. Scabies was declared a neglected skin disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 and is a significant health concern in many developing countries.
Permethrin 是一種用於治療疥瘡和蝨子的藥物。它屬於一組稱為擬除蟲菊酯的合成化學物質,會影響神經系統。 Permethrin 的作用是擾亂蝨子和蟎蟲等昆蟲神經細胞中鈉的運動,導致癱瘓並最終停止呼吸。 Permethrin is a medication used in the management and treatment of scabies and pediculosis. It is in the synthetic neurotoxic pyrethroid class of medicine. It targets eggs, lice, and mites via working on sodium transport across neuronal membranes in arthropods, causing depolarization. This results in respiratory paralysis of the affected arthropod.
有多種藥物可用於治療感染者,包括氯菊酯、克羅米通、林丹乳膏和伊維菌素。近一個月內的性接觸者和住在同一屋簷下的人也應同時治療。過去三天使用過的寢具和衣服應該用熱水清洗,並用熱烘乾機烘乾。治療後症狀可能會持續兩到四個星期。如果在此之後症狀仍然存在,可能需要重新治療。
疥 (scabies) 是兒童三種最常見的皮膚病之一,另外兩個是癬和細菌性皮膚感染。截至 2015 年,它影響了約 2.04 億人(佔世界人口的 2.8%)。這在兩性中同樣常見。年輕人和老年人更容易受到影響。它更常見於發展中國家和熱帶氣候。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
疥瘡的一個重要特徵是所有家庭成員都同時出現搔癢症狀。有些藥物(例如氯菊酯)無需處方即可在非處方藥 (OTC) 購買。治療應由全家人共同完成。
#Benzyl benzoate
#Permethrin
#Sulfur soap and cream
○ 治療
#10% crotamiton lotion
#5% permethrin cream
#1% lindane lotion
#5% sulfur ointment