Urticaria - 蕁麻疹
疑似Erythema multiforme minor或urticarial vasculitis的病變，而非典型的蕁麻疹。
這是蕁麻疹的典型病例。病變每隔幾個小時就會移動一次。
蕁麻疹 ― 手臂
Cold urticaria
References
蕁麻疹通常以發癢的風團和有時深層皮膚腫脹為特徵，通常透過避免觸發因素（如果已知）來控制。主要治療方法是使用第二代 H1 抗組織胺藥，如果需要，可以調整至更高劑量。此外，其他藥物如第一代 H1 抗組織胺、H2 抗組織胺、白三烯受體拮抗劑、強效抗組織胺和短療程皮質類固醇也可同時使用。對於持續存在的病例，可以考慮轉診給專家進行替代療法，如奧馬珠單抗或環孢菌素。
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
Angioedema 是指按壓時不會留下凹坑的腫脹，發生在皮膚或黏膜下層。它通常影響臉部、嘴唇、頸部和四肢，以及口腔、喉嚨和腸道等部位。當它影響喉嚨時就會變得危險，可能會導致危及生命的情況。
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
預防就是避免導致這種情況的任何因素。治療通常使用抗組織胺藥，例如苯海拉明和雷尼替丁。在嚴重的情況下，也可以使用皮質類固醇或白三烯抑制劑。暫時保持環境溫度涼爽也很有用。對於持續超過六週的病例，可以使用環孢素等免疫抑制劑。
這是一種常見疾病，約有 20% 的人受到影響。急性蕁麻疹病例在男性和女性中發生率相同，而持續時間較長的病例在女性中更為常見。急性蕁麻疹多見於兒童，而長期蕁麻疹多見於中年人。如果持續超過兩個月，通常會持續數年，然後消失。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
急性蕁麻疹通常會在一周內消退，但慢性蕁麻疹可能會持續數年，儘管大多數會在某個時候消失。如果是慢性蕁麻疹，建議定期服用抗組織胺藥，等待其自行消失。
非處方抗組織胺。西替利嗪或左西替利嗪比非索非那定更有效，但會使您昏昏欲睡。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
對於慢性蕁麻疹，首選非索非那定等非嗜睡抗組織胺。
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]