Urticaria - 蕁麻疹
疑似Erythema multiforme minor或urticarial vasculitis的病變，而非典型的蕁麻疹。
這是蕁麻疹的典型病例。病變每隔幾個小時就會移動一次。
蕁麻疹 ― 手臂
Cold urticaria
relevance score : -100.0%
References蕁麻疹的特徵通常是發癢的風團，偶爾伴隨深層皮膚腫脹。若已知觸發因素，應盡量避免。首選治療是使用第二代 H1 抗組織胺，必要時可調整至較高劑量。其他可同時使用的藥物包括第一代 H1 抗組織胺、H2 抗組織胺、白三烯受體拮抗劑、強效抗組織胺以及短程口服皮質類固醇。對於症狀持續的病例，可考慮轉診專科，使用如奧馬珠單抗或環孢菌素等替代療法。
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
Angioedema 是指按壓時不會留下凹坑的腫脹，發生在皮膚或黏膜下層。它通常影響臉部、嘴唇、頸部和四肢，以及口腔、喉嚨和腸道等部位。當它影響喉嚨時就會變得危險，可能會導致危及生命的情況。
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
預防的關鍵是避免引發此狀況的任何因素。治療通常使用抗組織胺藥，例如 diphenhydramine(苯海拉明) 和 ranitidine(雷尼替丁)。在症狀嚴重時，也可考慮使用皮質類固醇或白三烯抑制劑。保持環境涼爽有助於緩解症狀。對於持續超過六週的慢性病例，可能需要使用免疫抑制劑，如 cyclosporine(環孢素)。
蕁麻疹是一種常見疾病，約有 20% 的人會受到影響。急性蕁麻疹在男性與女性中的發生率相同，而慢性病例較常見於女性。急性蕁麻疹多見於兒童，慢性蕁麻疹則多見於中年人。若症狀持續超過兩個月，往往會持續數年，最終自行消退。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
急性蕁麻疹通常在一週內自行緩解；慢性蕁麻疹可能持續數年，儘管大多數最終會消失。若為慢性蕁麻疹，建議定期服用抗組織胺藥，待症狀自行緩解。
非處方抗組織胺：cetirizine(西替利嗪) 或 levocetirizine(左西替利嗪) 的效果優於 fexofenadine(非索非那定)，但可能會引起嗜睡。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
對於慢性蕁麻疹，首選非索非那定等非嗜睡抗組織胺。
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]