Urticaria - 蕁麻疹
疑似為Erythema multiforme minor或urticarial vasculitis的病變，而非典型蕁麻疹。
這是蕁麻疹的典型病例，病變會每隔幾個小時移動一次。
蕁麻疹 — 手臂
Cold urticaria(寒冷性蕁麻疹)
relevance score : -100.0%
References蕁麻疹的特徵是發癢的風團，偶爾伴隨深層皮膚腫脹。通常透過避免已知的觸發因素來控制症狀。首選治療是使用第二代 H1 抗組織胺；若需要，可加大劑量。其他可合併使用的藥物包括第一代 H1 抗組織胺、H2 抗組織胺、白三烯受體拮抗劑、強效抗組織胺以及短程皮質類固醇。對於持續性病例，建議轉診專科，考慮使用 omalizumab (奧馬珠單抗) 或 cyclosporine (環孢菌素) 等替代療法。
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
Angioedema 是指按壓時不會留下凹坑的腫脹，發生在皮膚或黏膜下層。它通常影響臉部、嘴唇、頸部和四肢，以及口腔、喉嚨和腸道等部位。當它影響喉嚨時就會變得危險，可能會導致危及生命的情況。
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.
預防的要點是避免任何可能誘發此狀況的因素。治療通常使用抗組織胺藥，例如苯海拉明和雷尼替丁；在嚴重情況下，可加用皮質類固醇或白三烯抑制劑。暫時保持環境涼爽也有助於緩解症狀。對於持續超過六週的病例，可考慮使用環孢素等免疫抑制劑。
蕁麻疹是一種常見疾病，約有 20% 的人會受到影響。急性蕁麻疹在男性與女性中的發生率相同，然而慢性病例在女性中較為常見。急性蕁麻疹多見於兒童，慢性蕁麻疹則較常出現在中年人。若症狀持續超過兩個月，可能會延長至數年，最終自行消退。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
急性蕁麻疹通常在一週內自行消退；慢性蕁麻疹可能持續數年，儘管大多數最終會消失。若為慢性蕁麻疹，建議定期服用抗組織胺藥，直至症狀緩解。
非處方抗組織胺：西替利嗪或左西替利嗪的效果較非索非那定強，但可能引起嗜睡。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
對於慢性蕁麻疹，首選非嗜睡型抗組織胺，如非索非那定。
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]