Varicella - 水痘
一名男孩出現了典型的水痘水泡。
這是典型的水痘病灶，其特徵為同時出現水皰、紅斑與結痂。即使已接種疫苗，也可能出現此情形；若已接種，症狀通常較輕。抗病毒治療可迅速緩解。
relevance score : -100.0%
References水痘是一種由水痘帶狀皰疹病毒 (VZV) 所致的傳染性疾病。此病毒會在免疫力不足的個體首次感染時引發水痘，之後若再次活化，則可能造成帶狀皰疹。水痘的皮疹常伴有瘙癢，呈小水泡並逐漸結痂，通常先出現在胸部、背部和臉部，隨後擴散。患者常同時出現發燒、疲勞、喉嚨痛與頭痛，病程多為五至七天。常見併發症包括肺炎、腦部發炎及細菌性皮膚感染，成人的病情往往較兒童更為嚴重。症狀一般在接觸病毒後 10 至 21 天出現，平均潛伏期約為兩週。
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
水痘是一種透過空氣傳播的疾病，感染者的咳嗽和打噴嚏很容易將病毒傳給他人。潛伏期為10至21天，之後出現特徵性皮疹。皮疹出現前一至兩天可能已開始擴散，直至所有病灶結痂。病毒亦可透過直接接觸水泡傳播。大多數人一生只會患一次水痘。雖然病毒可再次感染，但通常不會引起症狀。
自1995年推出以來，水痘疫苗已大幅降低病例數與併發症。許多國家建議兒童接受常規免疫接種。自疫苗普及以來，美國的感染人數減少近90%。對於併發症風險較高的患者，建議使用阿昔洛韋等抗病毒藥物。
○ 治療
如果症狀輕微，可服用非處方抗組織胺並觀察病情；若症狀較重，則可能需要使用抗病毒藥物。
#OTC antihistamine
#Acyclovir