Varicella - 水痘
一個男孩出現了典型的水痘水泡。
這是典型的水痘病灶。其特徵是同時出現水皰、紅斑和結痂。即使您已接種疫苗，也可能發生這種情況。如果您已接種疫苗，症狀可能較輕微。抗病毒治療可以迅速改善。
relevance score : -100.0%
References水痘是一種由水痘帶狀皰疹病毒 (VZV) 引起的傳染性疾病。該病毒會在免疫力不足的個體首次感染時引發水痘，之後若重新活化，可能導致帶狀皰疹。水痘的皮疹會發癢，伴隨小水泡，最後結痂，通常先出現在胸部、背部和臉部，然後擴散。患者常伴有發燒、疲勞、喉嚨痛和頭痛，病程多為五至七天。常見併發症包括肺炎、腦炎及細菌性皮膚感染，成人的病情往往較兒童更為嚴重。潛伏期約為 10 至 21 天，平均約兩週。
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
水痘主要透過空氣傳播，感染者的咳嗽或打噴嚏即可將病毒傳給他人。潛伏期為 10 至 21 天，之後出現特徵性皮疹。皮疹在出現後的前一至兩天會擴散，直至所有病灶結痂為止；亦可因接觸水泡而傳染。大多數人只會感染一次水痘，雖然病毒可再次活化，但通常不會引起症狀。
自 1995 年推出水痘疫苗以來，該疾病的病例數與併發症均大幅下降。許多國家建議兒童接受常規免疫接種，於美國自廣泛接種後，感染人數減少近 90%。對於併發症風險較高的患者，建議使用 Acyclovir(阿昔洛韋) 等抗病毒藥物。
○ 治療
若症狀輕微，可使用非處方抗組織胺並觀察；若症狀較重，則可能需要使用抗病毒藥物。
#OTC antihistamine
#Acyclovir