Varicella - 水痘
一個男孩出現了典型的水痘水泡。
這是典型的水痘病灶。其特徵是同時出現水皰、紅斑和結痂。即使您已接種疫苗，也可能發生這種情況。如果您已接種疫苗，症狀可能較輕微。抗病毒治療可以迅速改善。
References
水痘是一種由水痘帶狀皰疹病毒 (VZV) 引起的傳染性疾病。這種病毒會在沒有免疫力的個體中引發水痘（通常在第一次感染期間），隨後當它重新激活時可能會導致帶狀皰疹。水痘會引起發癢的皮疹，伴隨小水泡並結痂，通常從胸部、背部和臉部開始，然後擴散。它伴隨發燒、疲勞、喉嚨痛和頭痛，通常持續五到七天。併發症可能包括肺炎、腦部發炎和細菌性皮膚感染，尤其是成人比兒童更嚴重。症狀通常在接觸後 10 至 21 天出現，平均潛伏期約兩週。
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
Chickenpox or varicella is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus is responsible for chickenpox (usually primary infection in non-immune hosts) and herpes zoster or shingles (following reactivation of latent infection). Chickenpox results in a skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scabs over. It typically starts on the chest, back, and face then spreads. It is accompanied by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, and headaches which usually last five to seven days. Complications include pneumonia, brain inflammation, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin ten to 21 days after exposure, but the average incubation period is about two weeks.
水痘是一種透過空氣傳播的疾病，透過感染者的咳嗽和打噴嚏很容易從一個人傳播到另一個人。潛伏期為10至21天，之後出現特徵性皮疹。皮疹出現前一到兩天，它可能會擴散，直到所有病灶結痂為止。它也可能透過接觸水泡而傳播。人們通常只會患一次水痘。儘管病毒會發生再次感染，但這些再次感染通常不會引起任何症狀。
自 1995 年推出以來，水痘疫苗已減少了該疾病的病例數和併發症。許多國家建議兒童進行常規免疫接種。自免疫接種以來，美國的感染人數減少了近 90%。對於併發症風險較高的患者，建議使用阿昔洛韋等抗病毒藥物。
○ 治療
如果症狀不嚴重，可以服用非處方抗組織胺並進行監測。然而，如果症狀嚴重，可能需要服用抗病毒藥物。
#OTC antihistamine
#Acyclovir