Ulwazi olwengeziwe ― Zulu

Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.

Panniculitis yakha iqembu elihlukahlukene lezifo ezivuthayo ezibandakanya izicubu ze-adipose ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Lezi zinkinga azivamile ezinganeni. I-panniculitis ingaba yinqubo eyinhloko ku-systemic disorder noma inqubo yesibili ebangelwa ukutheleleka, ukuhlukumezeka noma ukuchayeka emithini. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-panniculitis zinesethulo somtholampilo esifanayo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-etiology) , enethenda, ama-nodule e-erythematous subcutaneous.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.

Panniculitis , ukuvuvukala kwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile kuvezwa ngamaqhuqhuva avuthayo. I- Erythema nodosum (EN) ngokomtholampilo iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-panniculitis. Nakuba kufika ku-55% we-EN kubhekwa njenge-idiopathic, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa izifo, izidakamizwa, izifo zesistimu ezifana ne-sarcoidosis kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo, ukukhulelwa, kanye ne-malignancy. I-EN ivamise ukuphrezenta kwabancane nakuma-20s, futhi ibonakala kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ngokuvamile kwandulelwa i-prodrome engaqondile yesonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu, okungase kuhlanganise imfiva, ukungezwani komzimba, kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu. Bese kulandela izilonda esikhumbeni, ngokuvamile ezitholakala endaweni esicini esinwebekayo sezitho. Izilonda zibuhlungu ziyindilinga noma ziyi-oval, ziphakanyiswe kancane, izigaxana ezibomvu ezingenazilonda. I-pathogenesis ye-EN ayiqondwa, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi ibangelwa ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zokuzivikela ezifweni ze-septae kumafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, okubangela i-neutrophilic panniculitis. Ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa okuqondile kwesimo esiyimbangela, i-EN ixazulula ngaphandle kokwelashwa ezimeni eziningi.
Panniculitis, inflammation of the subcutaneous fat, usually presents with inflammatory nodules. Erythema nodosum (EN) is clinically the most frequent form of panniculitis. Whilst up to 55% of EN is considered idiopathic, the most common causes include infections, drugs, systemic illnesses such as sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and malignancy. EN typically presents in the teens and 20s, and is seen more commonly in females. It is often preceded by a non-specific prodrome of one to three weeks, which may include fever, malaise, and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Cutaneous lesions then follow, typically localized on the extensor aspect of the limbs. The lesions are painful rounded or oval, slightly raised, non-ulcerative red nodules. The exact pathogenesis of EN is not understood, although is thought to result from deposition of immune complexes in the venules of the septae in subcutaneous fat, causing a neutrophilic panniculitis. Even without specific therapy for a causative condition, EN resolves without treatment in most cases.