Ulwazi olwengeziwe ― Zulu

I-Porokeratosis yisimo sesikhumba esingavamile esibonakala ngezinkinga ze-keratinization, okuholela ekuphakamiseni, ekubeni nezinhlaka ezijikelezayo noma amaqhakuva amabi esikhumbeni. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukubonakala kwe-cornoid lamella, ukuhlelwa okukhethekile kwamaseli esigqoko esingaphezulu kwesikhumba. Porokeratosis iza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene (disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, linear porokeratosis). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Porokeratosis ingase ibe umdlavuza wesikhumba. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga i-Porokeratosis ukuqhuba i-biopsy yomngcele ophakanyisiwe, nakuba okwamanje kungekho indlela evamile yokwelapha.
Porokeratosis is an uncommon dermatologic disorder. It is a disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques with an elevated border. It has a distinct histologic hallmark of cornoid lamella, which is a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells in the upper epidermis. There are multiple clinical variants of porokeratosis, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminatum, and linear porokeratosis. Porokeratosis is a precancerous lesion that can undergo malignant transformation. Evaluation of porokeratosis is best with a biopsy of the elevated border. There are no standard guidelines for treatment.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) yisifo sokuhlelwa okungajwayelekile kwe‑keratinization. Inye yezinhlobo eziyisithupha ze‑porokeratosis, futhi ngokuvamile ithinta izindawo ezinkulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye (linear, Mibelli's, punctate, palmoplantar disseminated, superficial porokeratosis). Uhlobo oluqhumayo lwe‑porokeratosis luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza, ubuthakathaka bokuvikela, noma ukuvuvukala. Izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo, ukucindezelwa kwamasosha omzimba, nokuchayeka elangeni. I‑DSAP iqala njengamaqhubu aphinki noma ansundu anemiphetho ephakanyisiwe ezindaweni ezichayeke elangeni, ngezinye izikhathi okubangela ukulunywa okuncane. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka futhi kungase kuhlanganise ama‑cream asebenzayo, ukwelashwa okulula, noma imithi efana ne‑5-fluorouracil noma i‑retinoids. Lezi zilonda zibhekwa njengezingozi, nethuba elingu‑7.5‑10 % lokuphenduka libe i‑squamous cell carcinoma noma i‑basal cell carcinoma.
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a disease of disordered keratinization. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is one of six variants of porokeratosis. It has more extensive involvement than most other variants. These other variants include linear porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. The eruptive form of porokeratosis is associated with malignancy, immunosuppression, and a proinflammatory state. Risk factors for porokeratosis include genetics, immunosuppression, and ultraviolet light. The lesions in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis start as pink to brown papules and macules with a raised border in sun-exposed areas that can be asymptomatic or slightly pruritic. There are many options for the treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, including topical diclofenac, photodynamic therapy (PDT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, and lasers. These lesions are considered precancerous. There is a 7.5 to 10% risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.

Indoda eneminyaka engu-52 ubudala, eyayiphila kahle ngaphambili, ifike nebala eliyisicaba elimise okwendandatho ekugcineni kozwane lwesine, elase lihlale iminyaka engu-2 ngaphandle kokubanga izimpawu. Kwaqala njengeqhwa elincane, eliqinile, futhi lakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Naphezu kokuzama izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne‑cryotherapy, okhilimu, ama‑antifungal, nama‑antibiotics, isichibi asizange sibe ngcono. Ukuyihlolisisa nge‑dermocopsy kwabonisa isikhungo esomile, esibomvu, esinomngcele owugqinsi, onolaka. Ucezu oluncane lwesikhumba oluthathwe onqenqemeni lwesichibi lubonise ukukhula kweseli okungavamile ongqimbeni olungaphandle lwesikhumba, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe‑porokeratosis of Mibelli.
A 52-year-old man with no past medical history presented with an asymptomatic annular atrophic patch on the distal portion of the fourth toe of 2 years’ duration. The lesion began as a small keratotic papule that gradually enlarged centrifugally. He had received multiple treatments including cryotherapy, topical corticosteroids, antifungals, and antibiotics without improvement. Dermoscopic examination revealed a scaly atrophic erythematous central area with a sharply demarcated peripheral hyperkeratotic structure. A skin biopsy of the edge of the lesion revealed a cornoid lamella with a column of parakeratotic cells extending from an invagination of the epidermis with absence of granular layer. The clinicopathologic correlation was consistent with porokeratosis of Mibelli.