Urticaria - I-Urticariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hives
Urticaria (Urticaria) iwuhlobo lokuqubuka kwesikhumba olunamaqhakuva abomvu, aphakanyisiwe, alalelwayo. Ngokuvamile ama-rash ahambisana nokukhwehlela. Amasosha avame ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi awashiyi izinguquko zesikhumba ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kuka‑5 % wamacala ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha. Urticaria (urticaria) ivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka noma ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba, njengokuphendula kwemithi noma ukudla.

Ukugwema izinto ezibangela lesi simo kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukusebenzisa ama‑antihistamine afana ne‑diphenhydramine ne‑ranitidine. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, i‑corticosteroids noma i‑leukotriene inhibitors ingasetshenziswa. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa lemvelo lipholile nakho kuyasiza okwesikhashana. Ezimweni ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha, ama‑immunosuppressants afana ne‑cyclosporin angasetshenziswa.

Kuyisifo esijwayelekile, cishe i‑20 % yabantu abathintekayo. Izigameko ze‑acute urticaria zenzeka ngokulinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kanti izimo zesikhathi eside zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Amacala e‑acute urticaria avame kakhulu phakathi kwezingane, kuyilapho izimo zesikhathi eside zivame kakhulu kulabo abaneminyaka ephakathi. Uma ihlala ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili, ngokuvamile ihlala iminyaka bese iyahamba.

Ukwelashwa – Izidakamizwa ze‑OTC
I‑acute urticaria ngokuvamile ixazulula phakathi nesonto, kodwa i‑urticaria engapheli ingahlala iminyaka nakuba iningi layo lihamba ngesikhathi esithile. Endabeni ye‑urticaria engapheli, kunconywa ukuthatha i‑antihistamine njalo futhi ulinde ukuthi ihambe yodwa.

Ama‑antihistamine e‑OTC. I‑Cetirizine noma i‑levocetirizine iyasebenza kakhulu kune‑fexofenadine, kodwa ingadala ubuthakathaka.
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]

Kwabase‑urticaria engapheli, ama‑antihistamine anjenge‑fexofenadine ayakhethwa.
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
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  • Izilonda ezibhekwa njenge-Erythema multiforme minor noma i-urticarial vasculitis, kunokutholakala kwe-urticaria evamile.
  • Kuyisimo esijwayelekile sezinyosi. Izilonda ziyavela njalo emahoreni ambalwa.
  • Urticaria – ingalo
  • Cold urticaria (Urticaria ebanda)
  • Urticaria ebanda
  • Izidleke odongeni lwesifuba kwesokunxele, qaphela ukuthi izilonda ziphakanyisiwe kancane.
  • i-urticaria evamile.
  • Urticarial Vasculitis
  • Dermographic urticaria; Ngokuvamile, i-urticaria engapheli ingaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokunyamalala okungazelelwe.
  • Dermatographic urticaria
References Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment 28671445
I-Urticaria ivame ukubonakala ngamasondo aluhlaza futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zesikhumba ezijulile. Ivamise ukulawulwa ngokugwema izinto ezibangisayo uma zaziwa. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kuhilela ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili se-H1, angashintshwa abe imithamo ephezulu uma kudingeka. Ukwengeza, imithi efana nama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala se-H1, ama-antihistamine e-H2, ama-leukotriene receptor antagonists, ama-antihistamine anamandla, nezifundo ezimfushane ze-corticosteroids ingasetshenziswa eceleni. Ezimweni eziqhubekayo, ukudluliselwa kochwepheshe kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-omalizumab noma i-cyclosporine kungase kucatshangelwe.
Urticaria, often characterized by itchy wheals and sometimes swelling of the deeper skin layers, is typically managed by avoiding triggers, if known. The primary treatment involves second-generation H1 antihistamines, which can be adjusted to higher doses if needed. Additionally, other medications like first-generation H1 antihistamines, H2 antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, potent antihistamines, and short courses of corticosteroids may be used alongside. For persistent cases, referral to specialists for alternative therapies like omalizumab or cyclosporine may be considered.
 Urticaria and Angioedema: an Update on Classification and Pathogenesis 28748365
 Chronic Urticaria 32310370 
NIH
Second-generation H1-antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine), Omalizumab, Ciclosporin, and short courses only of systemic corticosteroids
 Angioedema 30860724 
NIH
Angioedema ukuvuvukala okungashiyi umgodi lapho icindezelwe, okwenzeka ezingqimbeni ezingaphansi kwesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izindawo ezifana nobuso, izindebe, intamo, nezitho, kanye nomlomo, umphimbo, namathumbu. Kuba yingozi uma kuthinta umphimbo, okungase kubangele isimo esisongela ukuphila.
Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx.